全文获取类型
收费全文 | 74篇 |
免费 | 0篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 9篇 |
废物处理 | 9篇 |
环保管理 | 5篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
基础理论 | 21篇 |
污染及防治 | 19篇 |
评价与监测 | 4篇 |
社会与环境 | 2篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 4篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 5篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有74条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
31.
Olof Regnell Mark Elert Lars Olof Höglund Anna Helena Falk Anders Svensson 《Ambio》2014,43(7):878-890
Methylation of mercury (Hg) to highly toxic methyl Hg (MeHg), a process known to occur when organic matter (OM) decomposition leads to anoxia, is considered a worldwide threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. We measured temporal and spatial variations in sediment MeHg, total Hg (THg), and major elements in a freshwater lagoon in Sweden polluted with Hg-laden cellulose fibers. Fiber decomposition, confined to a narrow surface layer, resulted in loss of carbon (C), uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), and increased MeHg levels. Notably, fiber decomposition and subsequent erosion of fiber residues will cause buried contaminants to gradually come closer to the sediment–water interface. At an adjacent site where decomposed fiber accumulated, there was a gain in C and a loss of S when MeHg increased. As evidenced by correlation patterns and vertical chemical profiles, reduced S may have fueled C-fixation and Hg methylation at this site. 相似文献
32.
M. H. Hoang Fagerstrm S. I. Nilsson M. van Noordwijk Thai Phien M. Olsson A. Hansson C. Svensson 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2002,90(3):291-304
Agroforestry is considered to be a promising alternative to short-fallow shifting cultivation or other monocropping systems. An on-farm experiment was established in 1996 in northern Viet Nam to examine the contribution of the leguminous bush Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) D.C. as a fallow or hedgerow species and as a mulch producer to improve nutrient cycling and prevent nutrient losses by erosion. The systems tested were upland rice monocropping (Mono), natural fallow (NaFa), fallow of Tephrosia (TepFa), hedgerow intercropping with upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and internal mulching using pruned Tephrosia biomass (TepAl), and upland rice with external mulching using Tephrosia biomass (TepMu). Over two cropping seasons, from April 1996 to April 1998, nutrients recycled and inputs and exports were recorded, as well as changes in C-, N- and P-pools, and in pH in the 0–5 cm topsoil layer.The Tephrosia systems (TepFa, TepAl, TepMu) prevented nutrient losses by erosion effectively. Compared to the NaFa system, the TepFa system accumulated 34% more N in the above-ground plant parts and increased topsoil N by 20%, probably due to N-fixation. There was a trend that the less labile P-pools (NaOH-P) were reallocated into the more labile P-pools (Bicarb-P) in the soil of the TepFa system. Burning released significant amounts of the inorganic P-pools in both the NaFa and TepFa systems and this effect seemed to be more pronounced in the TepFa than in the NaFa. Organic input to crop export ratios for N and P were >1 in the TepAl and TepMu treatments. This was due to a sufficient quantity and quality of the Tephrosia mulching material. However, moderately labile NaOH-extractable organic P seemed to be depleted in the topsoil due to high P uptake in the TepMu treatment. Thus, nutrient cycling and nutrient balances were improved under the Tephrosia systems. But for long-term P sustainability, there is a belief that a combined use of mulching and mineral P fertiliser is needed. 相似文献
33.
Laturnus F Fahimi I Gryndler M Hartmann A Heal MR Matucha M Schöler HF Schroll R Svensson T 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(4):233-244
- DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2005.06.262
Goal, Scope and Background The anthropogenic environmental emissions of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines have been under scrutiny in
recent years because the two compound groups are suspected to contribute to forest dieback and stratospheric ozone destruction,
respectively. The two organochlorine groups are linked because the atmospheric photochemical oxidation of some volatile organochlorine
compounds is one source of phytotoxic chloroacetic acids in the environment. Moreover, both groups are produced in higher
amounts by natural chlorination of organic matter, e.g. by soil microorganisms, marine macroalgae and salt lake bacteria,
and show similar metabolism pathways. Elucidating the origin and fate of these organohalogens is necessary to implement actions
to counteract environmental problems caused by these compounds.
Main Features While the anthropogenic sources of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines are relatively well-known and within human
control, knowledge of relevant natural processes is scarce and fragmented. This article reviews current knowledge on natural
formation and degradation processes of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines in forest soils, with particular emphasis
on processes in the rhizosphere, and discusses future studies necessary to understand the role of forest soils in the formation
and degradation of these compounds.
Results and Discussion Reviewing the present knowledge of the natural formation and degradation processes of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines
in forest soil has revealed gaps in knowledge regarding the actual mechanisms behind these processes. In particular, there
remains insufficient quantification of reliable budgets and rates of formation and degradation of chloroacetic acids and volatile
organochlorines in forest soil (both biotic and abiotic processes) to evaluate the strength of forest ecosystems regarding
the emission and uptake of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines, both on a regional scale and on a global scale.
Conclusion It is concluded that the overall role of forest soil as a source and/or sink for chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines
is still unclear; the available laboratory and field data reveal only bits of the puzzle. Detailed knowledge of the natural
degradation and formation processes in forest soil is important to evaluate the strength of forest ecosystems for the emission
and uptake of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines, both on a regional scale and on a global scale.
Recommendation and Perspective As the natural formation and degradation processes of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines in forest soil can
be influenced by human activities, evaluation of the extent of this influence will help to identify what future actions are
needed to reduce human influences and thus prevent further damage to the environment and to human health caused by these compounds. 相似文献
34.
For matrix population models, analyses of how sensitive the population growth rate is to changes in vital rates (i.e. perturbations) are important for studies of life history evolution as well as for management and conservation of threatened species. There are two types of sensitivity analyses corresponding to absolute (sensitivity) or relative (elasticity) changes in the vital rates and both types can be applied to both deterministic and stochastic matrix population models. To date, most empirical studies of elasticity and sensitivity of the stochastic growth rate have examined the response to perturbations in the vital rates in a complete set of possible environments. However, it is often of interest to examine the response to perturbations occurring in only a subset of the possible environments. This has been done for periodic time-varying models elsewhere, but here we describe a recently published method for calculating the environment-specific sensitivity and elasticity of the stochastic growth rate and apply this method to data. These environment-specific perturbation analyses provide a logical way of dividing the sensitivity and elasticity among the environments. They give important insight into the selection regime in different environments and can provide valuable information for making management decisions and management evaluations in stochastic environments. 相似文献
35.
Time series of abundance estimates are commonly used for analyses of population trends and possible shifts in growth rate.
We investigate if trends in age composition can be used as an alternative to abundance estimates for detection of decelerated
population growth. Both methods were tested under two forms of density dependence and different levels of environmental variation
in simulated time series of growth in Baltic gray seals. Under logistic growth, decelerating growth could be statistically
confirmed after 16 years based on population counts and 14 years based on age composition. When density dependence sets in
first at larger population sizes, the age composition method performed dramatically better than population counts, and a decline
could be detected after 4 years (versus 10 years). Consequently, age composition analysis provides a complementary method
to detect density dependence, particularly in populations where density dependence sets in late. 相似文献
36.
Policy design for a multifunctional landscape 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ing-Marie Gren Lisa Svensson Magnus Carlsson Kevin Bishop 《Regional Environmental Change》2010,10(4):339-348
Landscapes consisting of several elements, such as wetlands and forests, are multifunctional in nature and produce both market
and non-market goods. The need for policies arises from the existence of non-market ecosystem services that are not traded
and thereby generally not subject to economic trade-offs in landowner decision making. An efficient incentive scheme for producing
both types of goods would require policy designed for each non-market good. However, this may result in high transaction costs,
possibly giving second-best solutions a comparative advantage when only one non-market good is regulated. This paper demonstrates
that in the Hovran catchment area in mid Sweden, which produces the non-market goods water quality, biodiversity, and scenic
beauty, compensation payments for biodiversity production alone provide almost maximum total net value of all market and non-market
goods. On the other hand, payments for providing scenic beauty in the form of open landscape may result in lower total net
value than no compensation payment at all, due to a negative impact on water quality. 相似文献
37.
Hedenås H Carlsson BA Emanuelsson U Headley AD Jonasson C Svensson BM Callaghan TV 《Ambio》2012,41(Z3):187-196
Plant species distributions are expected to shift and diversity is expected to decline as a result of global climate change, particularly in the Arctic where climate warming is amplified. We have recorded the changes in richness and abundance of vascular plants at Abisko, sub-Arctic Sweden, by re-sampling five studies consisting of seven datasets; one in the mountain birch forest and six at open sites. The oldest study was initiated in 1977-1979 and the latest in 1992. Total species number increased at all sites except for the birch forest site where richness decreased. We found no general pattern in how composition of vascular plants has changed over time. Three species, Calamagrostis lapponica, Carex vaginata and Salix reticulata, showed an overall increase in cover/frequency, while two Equisetum taxa decreased. Instead, we showed that the magnitude and direction of changes in species richness and composition differ among sites. 相似文献
38.
On the decline of ground lichen forests in the Swedish boreal landscape: Implications for reindeer husbandry and sustainable forest management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Per Sandström Neil Cory Johan Svensson Henrik Hedenås Leif Jougda Nanna Borchert 《Ambio》2016,45(4):415-429
Lichens are a bottleneck resource for circumpolar populations of reindeer, and as such, for reindeer husbandry as an indigenous Sami land-use tradition in northern Sweden. This study uses ground lichen data and forest information collected within the Swedish National Forest Inventory since 1953, on the scale of northern Sweden. We found a 71 % decline in the area of lichen-abundant forests over the last 60 years. A decline was observed in all regions and age classes and especially coincided with a decrease of >60 year old, open pine forests, which was the primary explanatory factor in our model. The effects of reindeer numbers were inconclusive in explaining the decrease in lichen-abundant forest. The role that forestry has played in causing this decline can be debated, but forestry can have a significant role in reversing the trend and improving ground lichen conditions.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0759-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献39.
P. Andreas Svensson Topi K. Lehtonen Bob B. M. Wong 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(12):1967-1970
Courtship displays are often important in determining male mating success but can also be costly. Thus, instead of courting
females indiscriminately, males might be expected to adjust their signalling effort strategically. Theory, however, predicts
that such adjustments should depend on the rate with which males encounter females, a prediction that has been subject to
very little empirical testing. Here, we investigate the effects of female encounter rate on male courtship intensity by manipulating
the time interval between sequential presentations of large (high quality) and small (low quality) females in a fish, the
Australian desert goby Chlamydogobius eremius. Males that were presented with a small female immediately after a large female reduced their courtship intensity significantly.
However, males courted large and small females with equal intensity if the interval between the sequential presentations was
longer. Our results suggest that mate encounter rate is an important factor shaping male reproductive decisions and, consequently,
the evolutionary potential of sexual selection. 相似文献
40.