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81.
The kinetics of catalytic incineration of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide over an MnO/Fe2O3 catalyst 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The catalytic incineration of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide [(CH3)2S and (CH3)2S2] over an MnO/Fe2O3 catalyst was carried out in a bench-scale catalytic incinerator. Three kinetic models (i.e., the power-rate law, the Mars and Van Krevelen model, and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model) were used to analyze the results. A differential reactor design was used for best fit of kinetic models in this study. The results show that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model may be feasible to describe the catalytic incineration of (CH3)2S and (CH3)2S2. This suggests that the chemical adsorption of O2 molecules is important in this incineration. 相似文献
82.
Biological elimination of H2S and NH3 from wastegases by biofilter packed with immobilized heterotrophic bacteria 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Biotreatment of various ratios of H2S and NH3 gas mixtures was studied using the biofilters, packed with co-immobilized cells (Arthrobacter oxydans CH8 for NH3 and Pseudomonas putida CH11 for H2S). Extensive tests to determine removal characteristics, removal efficiency, removal kinetics, and pressure drops of the biofilters were performed. To estimate the largest allowable inlet concentration, a prediction model was also employed. Greater than 95% and 90% removal efficiencies were observed for NH3 and H2S, respectively, irrespective of the ratios of H2S and NH3 gas mixtures. The results showed that H2S removal of the biofilter was significantly affected by high inlet concentrations of H2S and NH3. As high H2S concentration was an inhibitory substrate for the growth of heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, the activity of H2S oxidation was thus inhibited. In the case of high NH3 concentration, the poor H2S removal efficiency might be attributed to the acidification of the biofilter. The phenomenon was caused by acidic metabolite accumulation of NH3. Through kinetic analysis, the presence of NH3 did not hinder the NH3 removal, but a high H2S concentration would result in low removal efficiency. Conversely, H2S of adequate concentrations would favor the removal of incoming NH3. The results also indicated that maximum inlet concentrations (model-estimated) agreed well with the experimental values for space velocities of 50–150 h−1. Hence, the results would be used as the guideline for the design and operation of biofilters. 相似文献
83.
P. Succop S. Clark C.-Y. Tseng R. Bornschein M. Chen 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2001,23(1):1-15
A unique data set from lead risk assessments performed on 67 public housing developments from across the United States was made available for analyzes. The data set includes results of lead analysis from 5906 dust wipes and from 1222 soil samples. A total of 487 dwelling units in these developments, as well as associated common areas, were sampled, all by the same team of inspectors. The number of dwelling units within a development that were sampled reflected the guidelines then in force, the 1990 Interim HUD Guidelines, rather than those specified in the 1995 Guidelines. Median dust lead loadings for floors, 151gm–2 (14gft–2), and window sills, 936gm–2 (87gft–2), were much less than former HUD limits of 1076gm–2 (100gft–2) and 5380gm–2 (500gft–2), respectively and are only about one-third of the recently established limits of 431gm–2 (40gft–2) and 2690gm–2 (250gft–2). In contrast, the median lead loading for window troughs, 8560gm–2 (795gft–2), was almost identical to the HUD clearance limit of 8610gm–2 (800gft–2). There was a strong positive correlation between floor and window trough lead loading values for samples from the same dwelling units and those from common areas of the housing developments. Door threshold samples, which may reflect conditions exterior to the dwelling unit, were collected from 53 dwelling units. Median lead loading levels of these samples were more than ten times higher than those in floor samples from the same dwelling units, were about the same as window sill samples and about one-half of levels in window trough samples. Composite sample results, simulated by averaging results from four samples within a dwelling unit, revealed that in order to have the same rate of excedence of standards, the composite standards would have to be reduced, for example, from the single sample value of 1076gm–2 (100gft–2) to 527gm–2 (49gft–2) for floor samples and from the single sample value of 8610gm–2 (800gft–2) to 5160gm–2 (479gft–2) for window troughs. For this public housing data set, the portion of the units in developments containing more than 225 units which exceeded the established limit for window samples was the same when using either the full data set or a random one-half of the data set. This suggests that, for this data set, the number of dwelling units sampled was excessive . Thus, the required increase in the number of dwelling units to be sampled specified in the 1995 Guidelines for developments with more than 225 dwelling units, may not have been necessary if this data set is representative of public housing developments in the United States. 相似文献
84.
T.W. Chien W.C. Hsu T.K. Tseng C.H. Hsu K.Y. Chen 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):1022-1028
Abstract The continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) can monitor flue gas emissions continuously and instantaneously. However, it has the disadvantages of enormous cost, easily producing errors in sampling periods of bad weather, lagging response in variable ambient environments, and missing data in daily zero and span tests and maintenance. The concept of a predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS) is to use the operating parameters of combustion equipment through thermodynamic or statistical methods to construct a mathematic model that can predict emissions by a computer program. The goal of this study is to set up a PEMS in a gas-fired combined cycle power generation unit at the Hsinta station of Taiwan Power Co. The emissions to be monitored include nitrogen oxides (NOx) and oxygen (O2) in flue gas. The major variables of the predictive model were determined based on the combustion theory. The data of these variables then were analyzed to establish a regression model. From the regression results, the influences of these variables are discussed and the predicted values are compared with the CEMS data for accuracy. In addition, according to the cost information, the capital and operation and maintenance costs for a PEMS can be much lower than those for a CEMS. 相似文献
85.
Chi-Yuan Lu Hui-Hsin Tseng Ming-Yen Wey Kui-Hao Chuang Jia-Hong Kuo 《Journal of environmental management》2009
This study investigated the use of Cu/Al2O3, Co/Al2O3, Fe/Al2O3, and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These CNTs were used as support for Co catalyst preparation and Co/CNT catalysts were applied to a catalytic reaction to remove BTEX, PAHs, SO2, NO, and CO simultaneously in a pilot-scale incineration system. The analyzed results of EDS and XRD showed low metal content and good dispersion characteristics of the Al2O3-supported catalysts by excess-solution impregnation. FESEM analyzed results showed that the CNTs that were synthesized from Co, Fe, and Ni catalysts had a diameter of 20 nm, whereas those synthesized from Cu/Al2O3 had a diameter of 50 nm. Pilot-scale test results demonstrated that the Co/CNT catalyst effectively removed air pollutants in the catalytic reaction and that there was no obvious deactivation by Pb, water vapor, and coke deposited in the process. The thermal stabilization at 250 °C and hydrophobicity properties of CNTs enhanced the application of CNT catalysts in flue gas. 相似文献
86.
Nuclear power plants are normally assumed to be safe when their radiation impact in all operational states is kept at a reasonably
low level. However, accidentally released radioactive substances and ionizing radiation may lead to a situation that cannot
maintain the regulatory prescribed dose limits for internal and external exposure of the personnel and population. Nuclear
emergency preparedness and response in nuclear or radiological events have been of concern recently in international communities.
Nuclear power plants may need to provide essential information regarding possible scenarios of accidental releases that might
have short-term detrimental effects and long-term risks in nearby populated regions. This paper presents a synergistic integration
of a source term model and a three-dimensional, time-dependent, numerical model (i.e., HOTMAC/RAPTAD), which was applied to
simulate a specific scenario in which a vapor cloud was accidentally released from Maanshan (i.e., the third nuclear power
plant) in South Taiwan. It aims at dealing with middle-range risk assessment for nuclear emergency preparedness and response.
The solutions of such an integrated modeling platform can be found with numerical analyses that describe the processes of
radionuclide generation, transport, decay, and deposition, giving the final risk assessment in a neighboring coastal city—Kaohsiung,
South Taiwan. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the internal consistency of model parameters, which
further support the application potentials. Such a modeling technique is valuable because it can characterize the fate and
transport of radioactive nuclides over the long term. The case study in South Taiwan uniquely demonstrates the feasibility
and significance of such model integration. 相似文献
87.
Abstract The coastal water of northeast Taiwan island, called ‘Yin-Yang Hai’ for its distinct yellow colour compared with blue offshore water, was investigated from 1989 to 1990 by the authors. Biological study showed the dominant species of plankton to be Copepoda, Cladocera, planktonic eggs and Diatoma. Dominant species of benthos were young crabs, Amphipoda and Annelida, with Amphipoda usually occurring in heavily polluted areas. Heavy metal data showed that the concentration of copper was high. the copper and iron concentration in algae of the intertidal zone was also high. the concentrations of iron and copper in inshore water were also higher than in offshore water. By comparison of the pH and salinity distribution of this area, we conclude that this coastal water has been polluted by acid waste water from coastal industry. the suspended solids concentration in sea water is high. Flocculation occurring at the boundary of fresh and saline water might be a reason for the distinct yellow colour of the water of this area. Further study is required. 相似文献
88.
I.-Yuang HsuTeh-Sheng Su Chen-Shan KaoYi-Liang Shu Pei-Ru LinJo-Ming Tseng 《Safety Science》2012,50(1):1-11
Domestic safety performance, which has had gained increasingly greater importance in recent years, is the subject of many studies. However, studies on the application of the structural equation model (SEM) in systematic safety performance model fitness verifications remain scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety performance with the aim at one private representative chemical and food company in Taiwan, for providing the strategy and improvement consult in safety management. In order to obtain the best-fit safety performance model, the Amos 17.0 (Analysis of Moment Structure 17.0) was used to construct a series of SEM competition models to confirm the four various orientations of the safety performance model through the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method. The results showed that the first-order multi-factor oblique model and second-order single-factor safety performance model were the best-fit models. The results of this study will contribute to the related enterprises’ ability to assess the safety indicators and will also be an even greater contribution to the future development of enterprise security. 相似文献
89.
Jacqueline A. Stagner Simon Tseng Edwin K. L. Tam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(4):1046-1051
As new materials, such as bio-based plastics and composites, are introduced in vehicles for their improved environmental performance, it is necessary to understand how to efficiently recover these biodegradable materials. This paper provides an overview of the end-of-life phase for automobiles, focusing on the dismantling and shredding processes, and the recovery of materials. Targeted unit operations, such as dismantling of components from vehicles and pretreatment prior to shredding, along with design-for-environment principles, should enable the efficient recovery of materials at the end-of-life phase compared with popularly conceived all-in-one-approaches because of the diverse arrangement of material components. 相似文献
90.
Environmental catalysis also can refer to catalytic technologies for reducing emission of environmentally unacceptable compounds. Catalytic decomposition also is one of the cost-effective technologies to solve the troublesome volatile organic compounds. This study treated methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) by a commercial catalyst, Pt/gamma-Al(2)O(3), in an isothermal fixed bed differential reactor. The effects of O(2) and MIBK content in carrier gas on the catalysis's reaction rate are also observed. Three kinetic models, i.e. the Mars and van Krevelen model, Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and power-rate law were applied to best fit the experimental results. The results indicate that the kinetic behavior of MIBK oxidation with catalysis can be accounted for by using the rate expression of the Mars and van Krevelen model and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Kinetic parameters are also determined on the basis of the differential reactor data. The experimental results are compared with those of the model predicted. 相似文献