北方碱性褐土有效镉提取方法筛选

以北方碱性褐土有效镉提取方法筛选为研究内容,在褐土分布区南北纵向300 km范围内,采集32套小麦和根系土样品,分析总镉含量。同时,对根系土采用0.43 mol/L硝酸溶液、1 mol/L盐酸溶液、0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液、0.001 mol/L盐酸溶液、DTPA(1∶2)浸提剂、DTPA(1∶5)浸提剂、DTPA+NaNO_3浸提剂、0.01 mol/L氯化钙、0.1 mol/L氯化钙等9种提取方法进行单提取实验。通过回归模型预测的小麦镉含量与实测含量之间的相对偏差合格率、小麦镉超标判断准确率、小麦镉含量与提取量相关系数、提取系数大小及稳定性等综合因素判断,DTPA(1∶2)浸提剂法是北方碱性褐土条件下最适宜的有效镉提取方法。本文研究结果在农用地土壤镉污染程度评价、镉污染风险评估、镉污染修复方案制定等方面均具有重要意义。     

加氢母站安全可靠运行问题探讨及解决对策

通过介绍广州石化加氢站工艺流程、加氢母站操作关键点,探讨运行过程中已出现及潜在的隐患问题,包括行业相关标准不完善、加氢母站阀门的使用隐患、充装计量偏差及充装流速偏大等问题,并提出相应的措施对策。     

粉煤灰固定化絮凝剂填充床-鼓气工艺漂染污水处理研究

以粉煤灰固定化絮凝剂填充成絮凝过滤床 ,并组合成连续 -鼓气式五级絮凝过滤床污水处理系统。在吸附、絮凝、沉降、过滤和降解等协同作用下 ,污水流量为 2 5 L/h、鼓气量为 5 0 L/( L· h)、级数为 5时 ,处理水的悬浮物、色度、COD、氨氮、硫化物和苯胺的去除率分别为 99.0 %、91.8%、96.9%、95 %、96.9%、90 .6% ,p H=6.2～ 6.9,基本达到纺织染整工业污水 级排放标准     

Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and biomass for stabilizing heavy metals and reducing biochar toxicity: A review

The huge amounts of sewage sludge produced by municipal wastewater treatment plants induce major environmental and economical issues, calling for advanced disposal methods. Traditional methods for sewage sludge disposal increase greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. Moreover, biochar created from sewage sludge often cannot be used directly in soil applications due to elevated levels of heavy metals and other toxic compounds, which alter soil biota and earthworms. This has limited the application of sewage sludge-derived biochar as a fertilizer. Here, we review biomass and sewage sludge co-pyrolysis with a focus on the stabilization of heavy metals and toxicity reduction of the sludge-derived biochar. We observed that co-pyrolyzing sewage sludge with biomass materials reduced heavy metal concentrations and decreased the environmental risk of sludge-derived biochar by up to 93%. Biochar produced from sewage sludge and biomass co-pyrolysis could enhance the reproduction stimulation of soil biota by 20‒98%. Heavy metals immobilization and transformation are controlled by the co-feed material mixing ratio, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis atmosphere.

     

原噬菌体诱导法在环境诱变剂研究中的应用

应用原噬菌体诱导法检测35种不同化学物质的潜在遗传毒性,S_9作代谢激活系统。试验结果有13个样品具有诱变性(占37.1％),其中有10个样品在S_9激活下和3个样品无论有与无S_9活化均能诱导溶源性大肠杆菌释放λ噬菌体。检出的阳性样品中有些为已知的诱变剂和致癌剂(黄曲霉毒素B_1)或抗癌药(丝裂霉素C)。提示诱导检测法作为环境遗传毒物的预警系统初筛潜在致癌危险物质是一种极为有用的手段。     

蚕豆根尖微核技术监测环境污染物的诱变活性

应用蚕豆根尖微核技术对10份矿尘样品、黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)和15份真菌提取物进行诱变性研究,结果有10份矿尘、AFB_1和5种真菌提取物能明显诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的增高;对其中5~#矿尘、AFB_1和杂色曲霉提取物进行剂量效应测定,显示了良好的剂量效应关系,提示具有诱变活性,这对当地的肿瘤发病率可能起重要作用。说明蚕豆根尖微核技术对研究环境诱变剂不失为一种有效的手段。     

含油污泥热解处理的试验与应用

介绍了欢三联含油污泥热解处理工程的工艺流程、技术要点、设计参数、运行效果和效益情况。调试工作表明,热解炉系统工艺作为一个整体,能够稳定有效运行,残渣的测验结果表明,残渣可以达到无害化程度,含油率小于0.3%(满足GB 4284-84《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》的要求)。以12t/d的处理量运行,能耗成本为74.47元/t,产生的经济效益为125.50元/t,同时产生较好的社会效益。另外,热解固态产物也有较好的利用价值,可以进一步研究利用。     

Effectiveness of cascading time series models based on meteorological factors in improving health risk prediction

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Meteorological factors, which are periodic and regular in a long run, have an unignorable impact on human health. Accurate health risk prediction...     

Degradation of Polypropylene by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains LICME WZH-4 and WGH-6

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In the present study, two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, WZH-4 and WGH-6, were isolated based on their ability to survive with polypropylene (PP) as...