蒙脱石-OR-SH复合材料修复镉污染土壤的环境风险及时效性评价

以钙基蒙脱石原材料为空白对照,通过细胞活性实验和小鼠急性毒性实验对制备的土壤重金属钝化剂蒙脱石-OR-SH复合材料进行环境风险评价,结果显示,在受试样品浸出物浓度为8 mg/100 m L及以下时,蒙脱石-OR-SH及饱和吸附Cd的蒙脱石-OR-SH对K562细胞、人脐带间充质干细胞和人肝细胞的活性无显著性影响;小鼠毒性实验结果显示,其毒性分级1级,实际无毒性作用.蒙脱石-OR-SH修复Cd污染土壤的长效性盆栽研究显示,第一季的钝化效果显著,虽然之后效果依次递减,但在连续种植了四季盆栽后,蒙脱石-ORSH对土壤中的Cd仍保持显著的钝化效果.     

人工燃气爆炸与中毒事故危害定量比较分析

分析了人工燃气在管道输送时泄漏的爆炸与中毒的危险特性,利用概率函数形式估算了爆炸和中毒事故不同影响程度的伤害区域即致死区、重伤区、轻伤区的临界值.其中爆炸伤害区域以肺出血、耳鼓膜破裂为临界超压值依据;中毒伤害区域则以一氧化碳毒性为依据.最后根据各级临界超压值选用蒸气云爆炸模型,根据各级临界浓度值选用高斯模型及其发展出的特殊气象条件下的大气扩散模式进行事故后果分析,并对人工燃气的这两种事故的结果加以定性、定量比较.     

对偶成功树分析法在涂料生产企业火灾控制中的应用

本文简要介绍了事故树分析法和对偶成功树分析法的基本原理，利用对偶成功树分析法以某涂料生产企业车间可燃液体蒸气火灾爆炸事故为例，将建立的涂料生产企业车间可燃液体蒸气火灾爆炸事故树转化为对偶成功树，求得对偶成功树的最小径集，通过对最小径集中各基本事件结构重要度的比较，确定了结构重要度最高的基本事件。结合该企业的生产实际提出了确保车间可燃液体蒸气火灾爆炸事故不发生的火灾控制措施。     

Enchytraeidae Fridericia bulbosa as a new test species for soil ecotoxicity assessment

Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) was proposed as a new test species to assess soil ecotoxicity. The acute toxicity of mercury (Hg) and bromoxynil (BX) on the mortality of Fridericia bulbosa (F. bulbosa) in OECD soil was investigated. The results suggested there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between controls and treatments except lower concentration of exposure to single pollutant. BX was more toxic to F. bulbosa than Hg. The 14 d LC(50) values for F. bulbosa exposed to Hg and BX were 3.87 and 2.41 mg kg(-1), respectively. The effects of mixtures with single pollutants on earthworms were observed differently. Toxicity of Hg on earthworms was significantly influenced by the concentration of BX. BX was the main contributive factor of the combined toxic effects. It can be proved that F. bulbosa is a suitable bio-indicator to measure the acute toxicity of mixed pollutants in soil and the mortality of earthworms may be considered as a valuable and sensitive biomarker to diagnose adverse effect of Hg or BX in soil environment.     

喷嘴角度对脱硫塔内气液两相流场的影响

提出了采用数值模拟的方法研究喷嘴角度对脱硫塔内部气液两相流场的影响。由于实际脱硫塔尺寸庞大,给实验研究带来困难且成本很高,在数值模拟平台上,分别模拟了45°、75°和-30°3种喷嘴角度布置下脱硫塔内部速度场、温度场变化以及湍流强度的分布情况。结果表明,在角度为-30°布置时速度场变化不是很剧烈,脱硫塔进出口温差比较理想,湍流强度在脱硫塔底部较大随着塔高的增加缓慢降低,这样有助于气液两相均匀混合,并控制出口烟温,有利于提高脱硫效率。     

流动式二氧化硫快速遥测系统的原理与应用研究

介绍了流动式二氧化硫快速遥测系统的原理和测试方法，对该系统应用于遥测大气二氧化硫的空浓度分布，不的二氧化硫排放量和沉降量，烟羽的水平扩散参数σｙ和抬升高度△Ｈ进行了研究。     

Distribution of rare earth elements in PM10 emitted from burning coals and soil-mixed coal briquettes

Emission from burning coals is one of the major sources of the airborne particles in China. We carried out a study on the rare earth elements (REEs) in the inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀) emitted from burning coals and soil-coal honeycomb briquettes with different volatile contents and ash yields in a combustion-dilution system. Gravimetric analysis indicates that the equivalent mass concentration of the PM₁₀ emitted from burning the coals is higher than that emitted from burning the briquettes. The ICP-MS analysis indicates that the contents of total REEs in the coal-burning PM₁₀ are lower than those in the briquette-burning PM₁₀. In addition, the contents of the light rare earth elements (LREEs) are higher than those of the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) in the PM₁₀ emitted from burning the coals and briquettes, demonstrating that the REEs in both the coal-burning and briquette-burning PM₁₀ are dominated by LREEs. The higher contents of total REEs and LREEs in the coal-burning PM₁₀ are associated with the higher ash yields and lower volatile contents in the raw coals. A comparative analysis indicates that the La/Sm ratios in the PM₁₀ emitted from burning the coals and briquettes, being lower than 2, are lower than those in the particles from gasoline-powered vehicle emission.     

不同垃圾填埋单元土壤--植物系统中汞的污染和迁移

对上海老港垃圾填埋场不同年份填埋单元的表层履土,以及典型植物中汞的分布进行了分析研究。结果发现,自1989-2001年共13a间不同时间的垃圾填埋单元表层土壤中,汞浓度与填埋时间有一定关系:从1989年到1993年,土壤汞浓度呈逐年递减趋势;从1998年到2001年又呈递增趋势;而中间几年出现汞浓度异常现象。土壤总汞、结合态汞和可挥发汞的浓度与土壤有机质含量有显著的相关性,相关系数分别为0.8147、0.8045和0.8213。另外,被调查植物体内汞的分布特点为:叶汞>根汞>茎汞。填埋时间较长的几个单元中,典型植物(加拿大黄花)的根汞与土壤可挥发汞有较好的相关性。     

胺化改性米糠对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附

以环氧氯丙烷活化米糠,与乙二胺反应引入氨基制备了胺化米糠吸附剂。系统研究胺化米糠对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性。结果表明,胺化米糠对Cr(Ⅵ)有很强的吸附作用,3.5 h能达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合准一级吸附方程。吸附容量随Cr(Ⅵ)浓度增加而增大,胺化米糠与Cr(Ⅵ)离子发生单层吸附,对Cr(Ⅵ)最大吸附容量为36.1 mg/g。溶液的pH和吸附温度对吸附特性有较大影响,最佳吸附pH为3,同时,升温有利于吸附的进行。热力学参数ΔH为正值和ΔG为负值表明胺化米糠吸附Cr(Ⅵ)是吸热的自发吸附。     

有机化合物动态定量结构——生物降解关系(QSBR)模型研究

本文通过分析一般ＱＳＢＲ模型应用的特点、不足和影响有机物生物降解的基本因素，指出ＱＳＢＲ模型应综合反映影响有机物生物降解的四个方面（以氯代芳香化合物为例）：氯代苯系物的摄入、氯代苯系物的诱导作用、毒性物质的形成和基础酶的缺乏。在此基础之上给出了动态ＱＳＢＲ的概念模式及方法学基础。