双兰线管道水工保护结构分析及优化*

以双兰线沿线河流水毁冲刷情况为工程背景,在分析水毁成因机理和现场数据基础上,利用CFD数值模拟等手段,对应急性水工保护结构——石笼展开优化设计,设计3种不同形状的石笼并完成几何建模,在Fluent中利用VOF模型计算分析它们在淹没水域中的抗冲刷表现,从水流速度、石笼表面压力分布、水流阻力、床面剪切力这几个方面进行评价,以找出抗冲刷效果最好的石笼形状。最后完成水工保护结构的优化并针对不同结构进行适宜性分析。     

城市治水对策

本文针对我国城市水环境严峻状况，提出城市治水思路和实现城市水资源可持续利用和对策。     

Online electro-Fenton-mass spectrometry reveals 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyl oxidation products and binding to organic matter

Electrochemistry–mass spectrometry is used to simulate redox reactions in many research disciplines because this technique is fast and provides information on compound metabolites. However, the analysis of the degradation of refractory organic pollutants by reactive oxygen species is difficult to achieve by the electrochemistry step. Therefore, here we use online electro-Fenton-mass spectrometry to study for the first time the oxidation of 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyl [polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 31] by reactive oxygen species and the binding reactions of PCB degradation products with model substances of natural organic matter. The degradation products were identified by coupled Q Trap mass spectrometry. We observed a binding of a degradation product with γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine. We propose a transformation pathway. We conclude that online electro-Fenton-mass spectrometry is a promising technique to study the oxidation of refractory organic pollutants and further binding of degradation products with natural organic matter.     

电动力修复铅镉复合污染土壤

采用电动力修复技术处理Pb、Cd复合污染土壤,考察了柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA）作为电解液对棕壤（ZR）和红壤（HR）两种我国典型壤质中Pb、Cd去除效果的影响。实验结果表明：在电压梯度为2 V/cm,修复时间为4 d的条件下,ZR的最佳电解液为EDTA,Pb、Cd平均去除率为13.2%和17.8%,HR的最佳电解液为柠檬酸,Pb、Cd的平均去除率为20.0%和33.8%;延长修复时间至10 d能显著提高HR中Pb、Cd的去除率,电解液为柠檬酸时Cd平均去除率达91.1%,电解液为EDTA时Pb平均去除率达63.2%,修复后土壤中Cd和Pb含量均低于建筑用地土壤污染风险筛选值。综合考虑能耗及修复效果,EDTA是高效且经济的修复电解液。     

A multi-level characterization method for the assessment of urban ecological risks

Urban ecological risk characterization is the final step in risk assessment and an important foundation upon which risk managers build risk aversion, risk control, and emergency handling strategies. In this study, we reviewed present risk characterization methods and proposed a multi-level characterization method for the assessment of urban ecological risks. The new characterization method consists of four elements: urban ecological risk sources, risk source probabilities, assessment endpoint indicators, and assessment endpoint indicator probabilities. Using this method, results of risk assessments can be organized into different levels of detail to meet different risk management goals.     

锡矿山矿区食物中的锑污染及生物可给性研究

在湖南锡矿山锑矿区采集蔬菜类、主食类、肉类、蛋类等9种食物. 结果表明蔬菜类Sb浓度平均值为9.67 mg·kg^-1,主食类及肉类的Sb含量较低,平均浓度分别为0.025 mg·kg^-1和0.40 mg·kg^-1. 胃肠模拟法测得的Sb生物可给性为9.0%~57.7%,其中蔬菜中Sb生物可给性显著低于主食类及肉类. 生物可给性与食物中Fe含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.75,p=0.02),还与食物的植酸、草酸含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.95,p=0.01;r=-0.77,p=0.016). 根据锡矿山周边居民各类膳食的摄入量进行健康风险评估,以食物中的Sb总浓度计算暴露风险时,居民每日经由食物摄入的Sb总量达10227.01 ng·kg^-1·d^-1,经生物可给性矫正后下降为1807.02 ng·kg^-1·d^-1,但仍高于USEPA建议的400 ng·kg^-1·d^-1的参考剂量. 说明矿区经由Sb污染食物暴露依然存在健康风险,且考虑生物可给性对准确评价暴露风险至关重要.     

基于宏基因组学的亚硝酸盐氧化菌属的新陈代谢功能分析

为探究亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的菌群结构及其新陈代谢功能特性,在富集NOB菌属的基础上,基于宏基因组学技术探究了富集活性污泥系统内NOB微生物种群结构、相互作用关系、氮转化相关功能基因及蛋白质功能特性.结果表明,Nitrobacter为富集后活性污泥系统中最优势菌属,相对丰度为37.8％.微生物菌种之间表现出各种错综复...     

Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Policies and measures to control pandemics are often failing. While biological factors controlling transmission are usually well explored, little is known about...     

Preparation of sludge-based materials and their environmentally friendly applications in wastewater treatment by heterogeneous oxidation technology

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The sludge resource utilization and the high value-added development are environmentally friendly means for sludge treatment. With its rich organic...     

Degradation of Polypropylene by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains LICME WZH-4 and WGH-6

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In the present study, two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, WZH-4 and WGH-6, were isolated based on their ability to survive with polypropylene (PP) as...