Plant uptake of aldicarb from contaminated soil and its enhanced degradation in the rhizosphere

Experiments were conducted to investigate the degradation of aldicarb, an oxime carbamate insecticide, in sterile, non-sterile and plant-grown soils, and the capability of different plant species to accumulate the pesticide. The degradation of aldicarb in soil followed first-order kinetics. Half lives (t1/2) of aldicarb in sterile and non-sterile soil were 12.0 and 2.7 days, respectively, which indicated that microorganisms played an important part in the degradation of aldicarb in soil. Aldicarb disappeared more quickly (p< or =0.05) in the soil with the presence of plants, and t1/2 of the pesticide were 1.6, 1.4 and 1.7 days in the soil grown with corn, mung bean and cowpea, respectively. Comparison of plant-promoted degradation and plant uptake showed that the enhanced removal of aldicarb in plant-grown soil was mainly due to plant-promoted degradation in the rhizosphere.     

混凝法处理废乳化液的研究

采用聚合硫酸铁（PFS）和聚合氯化铝（PAC）处理废乳化液，适宜的pH范围为pH≤8，在废乳化液CODcr为7000－35000mg/L时，PFS较佳投加量为0.46-0.56g/L,PAC较佳投加量为1.5-3.5g/L,CODcr去除率均可达94％以上。出水经分析表明，PFS和PAC混凝对废乳化液中的脂类和羧酸盐均有较好的效果，并且B／C由0.12分别提高到0.58和0.55，大大改善废乳化液的可生化性。     

利用粉煤灰中活性炭的吸附能力治理含铬废水

通过实验研究指出，运用粉煤灰可同时治理含铬废水中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)。结果表明，粉煤灰用量、废液酸度、振荡时间和温度等均对铬的去除效果存在一定影响。研究揭示，在常温(15～35℃)下，当粉煤灰的掺人比例为1：650、含铬废液pH为4．0～5．5、接触时间为40min时，粉煤灰可同时治理含铬废水中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)，其中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率在88％左右，Cr(Ⅲ)的去除率可达99％以上。该方法工艺简单，成本低廉，效果优良，具有较好的应用前景。     

ClO2治理医院污水性能参数的研究

研究了ClO2作为消毒剂在去除医院污水中总大肠菌群数(CFU)时的性能参数.实验结果表明,ClO2加入量为5-8 mg/L、温度为20-30℃、接触时间为30-60min、pH为7.8-8.5、填料为组合型,是ClO2去除CFU的最优参数,可使污水中CFU降至500个/L,达到国家一级排放标准(GB8978-1996).同时,分析了各参数对CFU去除率的影响.     

土壤中水动力弥散系数的研究进展

从溶质运移的基本方程出发 ,系统论述了国内外对土壤中水动力弥散系数测定方法的研究进展 ,并指出了上述各种方法的适用条件及存在的问题     

石材废水处理工程实例

介绍了石材废水集约化处理的一个成功实例,分析、总结了混凝沉淀法处理石材废水的可行性及注意事项,并通过比较得出石材废水集约化处理较分散治理具备明显优势的结论.     

A reaction-transport model for calcite precipitation and evaluation of infiltration fluxes in unsaturated fractured rock

The percolation flux in the unsaturated zone (UZ) is an important parameter addressed in site characterization and flow and transport modeling of the potential nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain, NV, USA. The US Geological Survey (USGS) has documented hydrogenic calcite abundances in fractures and lithophysal cavities at Yucca Mountain to provide constraints on percolation fluxes in the UZ. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between percolation flux and measured calcite abundances using reactive transport modeling. Our model considers the following essential factors affecting calcite precipitation: (1) infiltration, (2) the ambient geothermal gradient, (3) gaseous CO(2) diffusive transport and partitioning in liquid and gas phases, (4) fracture-matrix interaction for water flow and chemical constituents, and (5) water-rock interaction. Over a bounding range of 2-20 mm/year infiltration rate, the simulated calcite distributions capture the trend in calcite abundances measured in a deep borehole (WT-24) by the USGS. The calcite is found predominantly in fractures in the welded tuffs, which is also captured by the model simulations. Simulations showed that from about 2 to 6 mm/year, the amount of calcite precipitated in the welded Topopah Spring tuff is sensitive to the infiltration rate. This dependence decreases at higher infiltration rates owing to a modification of the geothermal gradient from the increased percolation flux. The model also confirms the conceptual model for higher percolation fluxes in the fractures compared to the matrix in the welded units, and the significant contribution of Ca from water-rock interaction. This study indicates that reactive transport modeling of calcite deposition can yield important constraints on the unsaturated zone infiltration-percolation flux and provide useful insight into processes such as fracture-matrix interaction as well as conditions and parameters controlling calcite deposition.     

大量三价铬中微量六价铬的分离和测定

研究了大量 Cr( )中微量 Cr( )的分离和测定方法 ,该方法灵敏度高 ,干扰少 ,摩尔吸光系数为 1.6× 10 5L /( m ol·cm )。最佳线性范围 0～ 1.0 m g/L ,检出限为 0 .0 0 2 m g/L。     

农药在土壤上吸着/解吸及其对生物利用率影响的研究进展

正确预测有机污染物在环境中的归宿 ,在很大程度上依赖对它们的吸着 -解吸动力学行为的认识。自 2 0世纪 80年代起 ,吸着 -解吸动力学逐渐受到重视。本文介绍了国内外有关农药在土壤 /沉积物上的吸着 -解吸动力学和吸着 -解吸对土壤有机污染物的生物利用率的影响等方面的近期研究成果 ,着重从实验方法、模型、机理等方面进行了详细的综述     

生态农业园区废弃物资源化处理利用研究

本文介绍了蟹岛生态园区农业废气物及生活污水的资源化处理工艺方案 ,通过对沼气池和生活污水厌氧 -好氧 -生态塘处理系统进行综合设计 ,实现了节能环保和废弃物无害化综合处理利用。形成了种植业、养殖业、肥料加工、能源利用和休闲度假有机结合的生态农业经济 ,为实现农村经济可持续发展提供了一种新模式