自热式催化燃烧处理含正已烷废气实验研究

本文研究了自热式催化剂用于含正已烷废气的处理过程,确定了电功率与催化床层温度关系,探索了自热式催化过程中正已烷浓度、空速对其转化率的影响,给出了实验室条件下的较佳操作参数范围。     

The key role of inoculated sludge in fast start-up of sequencing batch reactor for the domestication of aerobic granular sludge

Two types of inoculated sludges, granular sludge that had been stored at-20°C and activated sludge, were investigated for the domestication of aerobic granular sludges(AGSs in sequencing batch reactors(SBRs). The results showed that using the stored granular sludge as inoculation sludge could effectively shorten the domestication time of AGS and yielded mature granular sludge after 22 days of operation. The AGS domesticated by stored granular sludge had better biomass and sedimentation properties; its MLSS and SVI reached8.55 g/L and 35.27 mL/g, respectively. The removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N) and total phosphorus(TP) reached 90.76%, 97.39% and 96.40%, respectively. By contrast, 54 days were needed to obtain mature granules using activated sludge. The microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial community in mature granules was reduced when stored granular sludge rather than activated sludge was employed as inoculation sludge, and the dominant microbes were changed. The dominant species in mature granules domesticated using stored granular sludge were Zoogloea, Acidovorax and Tolumonas at the genus classification level, while the dominant species were Zoogloea and TM7-genera in granules developed from activated sludge.     

临沂市冬季环境空气PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源分析

为探究临沂市冬季环境空气PM_2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源,于2016年12月11日—2017年1月9日在临沂大学、兰山区政府、高新区翠湖嘉园、汤庄办事处、河东区政府、临沂开发区6个采样点开展样品采集.结果表明:①采样期间全市ρ（PM_2.5）日均值的平均值为144.86 μg/m3,ρ（PM_2.5）日均值在2016年12月20日和2017年1月4日出现峰值,分别为304.46和341.65 μg/m3.②水溶性离子日均质量浓度大小顺序依次为ρ（NO₃-）> ρ（SO₄2-）> ρ（NH₄+）> ρ（Cl-）> ρ（K+）> ρ（Ca2+）> ρ（Na+）> ρ（F-）> ρ（Mg2+）> ρ（NO₂-）,其中,在PM_2.5中w（NO₃-）、w（SO₄2-）、w（NH₄+）分别为22.33%、16.57%、13.62%,说明NO₃-、SO₄2-和NH₄+是临沂市PM_2.5的主要组成部分.③临沂市污染天和非污染天ρ（PM_2.5）日均值分别为164.00和56.86 μg/m3.随污染水平增加,PM_2.5中w（NO₃-）明显增高,w（SO₄2-）和w（NH₄+）基本不变,说明w（NO₃-）的增加导致ρ（PM_2.5）的升高.污染天和非污染天的NOR（氮氧化率）分别为0.28和0.11,SOR（硫氧化率）分别为0.34和0.28,说明污染越重,NOR和SOR越高,并且NO_x的气-粒转化速率较SO₂慢.污染天ρ（Cl-）和ρ（K+）分别为7.22和1.77 μg/m3,分别是非污染天的2.5和3.0倍.④采样期间非污染天和污染天的N/S〔ρ（NO₃-）/ρ（SO₄2-）〕分别为0.85和1.39,说明非污染天时固定源对PM_2.5的贡献相对较大,而污染天时移动源对PM_2.5的贡献相对较大.⑤通过PMF模型法解析出3个因子.因子1对PM_2.5中水溶性离子的贡献率为56.13%,代表二次源和生物质燃烧源;因子2的贡献率为25.22%,代表工业源和垃圾焚烧源;因子3的贡献率为18.65%,代表扬尘源.研究显示,临沂市冬季PM_2.5污染严重,水溶性离子来源复杂,应采取多源控制的污染防治对策.      

油气田设备多相流冲蚀磨损主控因素研究进展

针对油气田开发过程中,大量设备/管道承受高压/高流速多相流体中固相颗粒的冲蚀磨损作用,易导致损伤失效情况,系统梳理了国内外对材料冲蚀磨损主控因素的研究成果,着重分析了金属材料力学特性、多相流体特性、固相颗粒特性和冲蚀磨损条件等4类因素对金属材料冲蚀速率的影响规律,指出了当前油气田设备多相流冲蚀磨损主控因素研究在分析方法方面仍存在不足,并为后续研究工况设置、实验装置使用方式提出了建议。     

Spatial distribution of health risks for residents located close to solvent-consuming industrial VOC emission sources

Emissions derived from the consumption of organic solvents have been proven to be the primary industrial source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In conjunction with epidemiologic studies, water-based paints (WBPs) and solvent-based paints (SBPs) were selected as representatives of newly developed solvents and traditional solvents, respectively, to simulate the effects of consuming solvents emitted during industrial production. And non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to residents near emission sources were studied in detail. The results showed that the spatial distribution of health risks varied with meteorological conditions and type of emission source, and the prevailing wind direction strongly affected the distribution range and shape of the influenced area. The areas of influence maximized on heavy-polluting days for both WBP and SBP emission sources with the total span reaching 804 m and 16 km, respectively; meanwhile, the areas of influence for carcinogenic risk resulting from WBP emission sources were 1.2 and 2.3 times greater than those measured on fine and rainy days, respectively, and 1.8 and 2.9 times greater for SBP emission sources. Compared with WBPs, the total spans of negatively influenced regions resulting from SBP emission sources were 10.4, 12.5 and 19.9 times greater on fine, rainy and heavy-polluting days, respectively. Therefore, carcinogenic risk was the dominant health threat for populations residing close to solvent-consuming industrial emission sources. The findings suggest that newly developed solvents are capable of significantly reducing consequent health threats, nevertheless, they could still pose occasional threats to nearby residents under specific meteorological conditions.     

海洋工程对砂质海岸演变的影响——以海南万宁日月湾人工岛为例

日月岛工程的建设,使日月湾海湾的侵蚀和淤积在短期内发生了快速的变化,西南侧海岸的侵蚀威胁了陆侧青皮林自然保护区的生长。对日月湾海岸进行监测管理变得刻不容缓。结合多时相遥感影像和四期实测岸滩数据,探讨日月岛工程的建设对日月湾海岸的冲淤影响。日岛岛影区岸滩淤涨,2016年已形成连岛沙坝,总淤积宽度约370 m,长度约1500 m;日岛东北侧受日岛建成后波浪折射与绕射等的影响发生侵蚀现象,最大侵蚀宽度约20m,长度约380 m。日岛西南侧出现严重的侵蚀后退现象,侵蚀宽度约40 m,长度约2000 m。月岛工程的建设改善了西南侧的侵蚀现象,然而仍有约800 m的岸线处于侵蚀状态。综合考虑自然因素与技术条件,丁坝、人工补沙与厚藤生态养护结合的海岸修复方式是适用于日月湾海岸的修复方法。     

滑坡灰色系统预测模型及其应用

本文在分析目前国内外滑坡灰色预测预报模型基础上，提出了一种新的滑坡灰色系统预测预报模型。该模型相对於过去常用的灰色模型考虑了更多的影响因素，有更高的可信度。它不仅可用作滑波的临滑预报，还可用于般监测信息的预测。     

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for Village-in-City

1 INTRODUCTIONAs a special pattern of community in city, "village-in-city"has objectively existed for many years, but it is only inrecent years that the phenomenon of "village-in-city" hasreally aroused the attention of scholars, government andmedia. The attention of government and media is mainlyfocused on the urban managerial problems that areproduced by "village-in-city", while the academic circlestry to explain the phenomenon of "village-in-city" andput forward measures in the academic…     

Peroxymonosulfate enhanced photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants and simultaneously cathodic recycling of silver

Degradation of organic contaminants with simultaneous recycling of Ag⁺ from silver-containing organic wastewater such as photographic effluents is desired. Although photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) technology is a good candidate for this type of wastewater, its reaction kinetics still needs to be improved. Herein, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was employed to enhance the PEC kinetics for oxidation of phenol (PhOH) at the anode and reduction of Ag⁺ at the cathode. The degradation efficiency of phenol (PhOH, 0.1 mmol/L) was increased from 42.8% to 96.9% by adding 5 mmol/L PMS at a potential of 0.25 V. Meanwhile, the Ag (by wt%) deposited on the cathode was 28.1% (Ag₂O) in PEC process, while that of Ag (by wt%) was 69.7% (Ag⁰) by adding PMS. According to the electrochemistry analysis, PMS, as photoelectrons acceptor, enhances the separation efficiency of charges and the direct h⁺ oxidation of PhOH at the photoanode. Meantime, the increasing cathode potential avoided H₂ evolution and strongly alkaline at the surface of cathode, thus enabling the deposition of Ag⁺ in the form of metallic silver with the help of PMS. In addition, PMS combined with PEC process was effective in treating photographic effluents.     

铈离子光催化降解茜素绿的性能和机理简

主要研究了简单铈离子（Ce³⁺）在紫外光（UV）的作用下对蒽醌染料茜素绿（AG）的光催化降解效果和反应机理。结果表明，UV/Ce³⁺体系能够有效降解AG，初始反应速率随AG浓度的倒数值和Ce³⁺浓度的增加而线性增加，随初始溶液pH的增加先降低后增加，在酸性条件下有很高的TOC去除率。荧光探针实验表明，反应过程中可以产生·OH自由基。UV/Ce³⁺体系对其他类型染料和对硝基苯酚都有较好的降解效果。