长期继代培养马铃薯愈伤组织的植株再生

对影响马铃薯愈伤组织发生、生长和长期继代培养的愈伤组织再生植株的几种因素进行了研究。马铃薯茎段的愈伤组织发生频率高于叶片的愈伤组织发生频率。Ｄｉｃａｍｂａ诱导茎段和叶片的愈伤组织发生频率在９０％以上；而２，４－Ｄ的诱导效果不佳并诱发外植体生根。再生培养其中加入０．５ｇ／Ｌ的酶解酷蛋白是必需的；蔗糖的浓度以２％－４％为宜；附加ＺＴ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＧＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ可使长期继代的愈伤组织的植株再生频率     

Causes of phytotoxicity of metsulfuron-methyl bound residues in soil

The bioavailability and phytotoxicity of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl were studied using 14C-labeling and bioassay with oil rape (Brassica napus L.). Soil bound residues at the concentration of 0.27 and 0.53 nmol g(-1) resulted in significant inhibition of oil rape seedling growth. The biologically active component of the bound residues was identified to be metsulfuron-methyl parent compound. Other metabolites, including the hydrolysis product 2-methylformate-benzenesulfonamide, showed no toxicity to the test species. This study suggests that residues of metsulfuron-methyl bound previously to the soil matrix could be again released upon planting. The phytotoxicity of metsulfuron-methyl bound residues was mainly caused by the metsulfuron-methyl parent compound that became available during plant growth.     

The impact of transportation control measures on emission reductions during the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing,China

Traffic congestion and air pollution were two major challenges for the planners of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. The Beijing municipal government implemented a package of temporary transportation control measures during the event. In this paper, we report the results of a recent research project that investigated the effects of these measures on urban motor vehicle emissions in Beijing. Bottom–up methodology has been used to develop grid-based emission inventories with micro-scale vehicle activities and speed-dependent emission factors. The urban traffic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM₁₀) during the 2008 Olympics were reduced by 55.5%, 56.8%, 45.7% and 51.6%, respectively, as compared to the grid-based emission inventory before the Olympics. Emission intensity was derived from curbside air quality monitoring at the North 4th Ring Road site, located about 7 km from the National Stadium. Comparison between the emission intensity before and during the 2008 Olympics shows a reduction of 44.5% and 49.0% in daily CO and NO_x emission from motor vehicles. The results suggest that reasonable traffic system improvement strategies along with vehicle technology improvements can contribute to controlling total motor vehicle emissions in Beijing after the Olympic Games.     

武汉市某地域交通噪声控制研究

随着社会经济的迅速发展，交通噪声污染对环境和人们健康的影响受到更多的关注。武珞路一珞瑜路和雄楚大街是武汉市“文化城”的交通主干道，该区域环境噪声在执行4类标准时应尽量遵楚大街交通噪声远大于武珞路循1类标准。对比监测了武珞路-珞瑜路和雄楚大街沿线的交通噪声污染状况，对雄-珞瑜路的状况进行了分析。对比研究表明，采用综合降噪措施能有效控制城市交通噪声污染。     

污水好氧生物处理动力学研究

好氧生物处理法是应用最广的有机污水处理方法。好氧生物处理动力学在污水处理厂设计、运行管理以及科学研究中的作用日益突出。阐述了活性污泥法和生物膜法动力学的基本原理、流程和研究进程。分析了这2种好氧生物处理法在几类有机污水处理中的动力学计算方式。提出了好氧生物处理动力学今后研究方向的建议。     

中国南方寒武—奥陶纪大陆斜坡的特征、演化和有关矿产

寒武—奥陶纪,中国南方发育着一个壮观的大陆斜坡。斜坡规模长约二干多公里、宽几十至几百公里,在其范围内,拥有各种各样的大中小型金属和非金属矿床,特别是磷、钒、钡、钼、镍、铜、金、银、锰、石煤和油气。据研究:该斜坡带有八大类沉积物类型即岩崩、滑移、滑塌沉积等和三种横向沉积模式,所谓缓坡、加积型边缘和跌积型边缘,还有四种垂向演化类型,即推进式、后退式、直立式、淹没式。斜坡带的生物群落属台地和盆地的混合型,或者互相渗透的过渡型,此外,尚有一些特有的生物种属和遗迹化石。该斜坡带有沉积单斜构造、重力滑动构造、同沉积断裂构造和隆起构造四种重要的构造形式。 寒武—奥陶纪华南不存在“江南古陆”,应为一长期持续下降的深水斜坡一陆隆环境。华南古大陆边缘曾经历了裂谷作用(?—Z_1)、被动大陆边缘(Z_2—O_1)和闭合造山(O_2—S)三个阶段。作者对斜坡带中的沉积磷矿、重品石矿、石煤矿、锰矿、金银矿化层及油气资源进行了分析和探讨,指出华南古大陆斜坡带是十分有利的成矿域。     

绿色荧光蛋白分子标记在环境微生物学研究中的应用

绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)分子标记是现有遗传标记中最简单方便的一种方法，GFP及GFP突变体在微生物降解污染物、生物膜菌群构架、环境生态学和环境检测生物传感器等研究领域取得了很好的应用效果。     

水环境数学模型的研究进展

在作者多年研究工作和查阅大量文献资料的基础上,本文综述了环境数学模型国内外的研究现状、发展历史及未来趋势。重点介绍了这方面研究的最新进展。该文还介绍了本领域所涉及的理论和实际应用问题,提出了今后值得进行研究的若干前沿课题,给出了60余篇关于水环境数学模型研究的主要参考文献目录。     

纤维素基吸附剂——绿色、经济的水处理材料

介绍了一类基于天然纤维素的水处理用吸附剂.对纤维素修饰羧基等阴离子基团,可以用来吸附水中的重金属阳离子(如cd(2+)、Cu(2+)、Hg(2+)、Ni(2+)、Pb(2+).对纤维素修饰铝铁或胺基等成分,可以吸附水中含砷阴离子、氟离子等有害阴离子.在纤维素上修饰疏水链,可以吸附水中氯苯、染料等危害健康的有机物.     

煤助滤强化城市污泥脱水后的热值资源化利用

研究了以颗粒煤为助滤剂,采用"真空一加压"二段式过滤强化城市污泥脱水的工艺效果.利用热值分析、工业分析和TG-DTA测试手段考察了泥煤混合物料热值资源化利用的前景.实验表明:按m(泥):m(煤)分别为1∶2和1∶3,向含水率为96.41%的消化污泥中添加粒度为0.15～0.18 mm颗粒煤,经0.02 MPa真空过滤3...