北方某城市饮用水中多环芳烃的来源及其在水处理过程中的行为研究

采用固相萃取(SPE)样品富集前处理技术和气相色谱/质联联用(GC/MS)分析方法,对北方某工业城市给水系统中的多环芳烃类化合物的含量水平进行了研究.结果表明,该城市多环芳烃污染水平较高,但总浓度均未超过城市供水水质标准(CJ/T206-2005)中限值(2μg/L).近郊水库由于受到燃料燃烧产生的多环芳烃的污染,成为该市饮用水中多环芳烃污染的主要来源.传统的混凝-砂滤工艺对多环芳烃有较好的去除效果,总去除率可达55.9%.     

持久性有机污染物在食物链中积累与放大研究进展

研究持久性有机污染物(Persistent organic pollutants,POPs)在食物链中的积累与放大是进行环境风险评估和有效污染控制的生态学基础.本文综述了POPs的基本特征,POPs在食物链中的生物积累与放大的机制、影响因素以及POPs在食物链中积累与放大的模型等的研究进展.国外学者对POPs在水生食物链的积累与放大方面研究较多,并提出了较为完善的预测模型,而有关POPs在陆生食物链中的生物积累与放大的研究报道较少.大部分学者并未对完整食物链进行过系统而完整的研究.与国外相比,国内学者对POPs在水生陆生食物链中的生物积累、生物放大和预测模型探讨较少.目前POPs对环境和人体健康危害越来越严重,开展对POPs在食物链中积累、放大及相关预测模型更深入更完整的研究,已成为当前生态学和环境科学研究的重点课题和前沿领域.     

国家半导体行业VOC排放标准制订研究

随着近年来我国半导体产业的持续繁荣发展,中国已成为全球半导体制造增长最为迅速的市场。为有效控制监管半导体生产过程中大量使用的各种有机溶剂所产生的废气中可挥发性有机物(VOC)的排放,加强行业污染控制,规范行业环境保护管理工作,对制订半导体行业VOC排放标准进行了研究。概述了半导体行业VOC排放的特点。分析了该行业对VOC排放的治理技术。阐述了美国和中国台湾地区有关半导体行业VOC废气的排放标准。从国内半导体企业VOC治理现状、现有监测技术、VOC排放管理方式等方面探讨了我国半导体行业VOC废气排放标准的制定思路。     

Occurrence and removal of organic micropollutants in the treatment of landfill leachate by combined anaerobic-membrane bioreactor technology

Organic micropollutants,with high toxicity and environmental concern,are present in the landfill leachate at much lower levels than total organic constituents (chemical oxygen demand (COD),biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),or total organic carbon (TOC)),and few has been known for their behaviors in different treatment processes.In this study,occurrence and removal of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs),16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),and technical 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in landfill leachate in a comb...     

Value flow analysis based on EAP industrial chain: case of Huaning in Xichang,Sichuan

In this paper, based on symbiotic network of Eco-agricultural Park (EAP), value flows of different industrial chains are studied, and input–output efficiencies of industrial chain and individual enterprise accounted independently are compared in the case of Huaning EAP. The results indicate: (1) the total profit of industrial chain of feedstuff processing, breeder duck breeding, laying-hen breeding, farm garden, dairy farm and milk processing is more than the sum of profits of individual enterprises independently accounted, with a difference of 950,800 RMB yuan. Input–output efficiency of this industrial chain is 1.30 times higher than the average that of individual enterprises accounted independently. (2) The total profit of industrial chain of feedstuff processing, dairy farm, grass farm, laying-hen breeding and milk processing is more than the sum of profits of individual enterprises accounted independently, with a difference of 3,258,800 RMB yuan. Input–output efficiency of this industrial chain is 1.45 times higher than the average that of individual enterprises accounted independently. (3) Through collaboration among enterprises in the industrial system, the benefits of the industrial chain are much higher than the sum of those obtained by individual enterprises, which is benefited from the performance of resource and by-product exchange network among enterprises in the EAP.     

Biogeochemical properties and potential risk of shallow arsenic-rich sediment layers to groundwater quality in Western Bangladesh

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The arsenic-contaminated groundwater has attracted attention in much south and southeast Asian deltas, however, mainly on the deep aquifers. Here, arsenic...     

镉在土壤中吸持的动力学特征研究

采用间歇法研究了镉在不同土壤中吸持的动力学特征。镉在土壤中的吸持分为快速反应的慢速反应两个阶段，其中快速吸持阶段以化学吸持为主，而慢速吸持以物理吸附为主；在低温下（２９３Ｋ），镉吸持速率与时间符合方程１ｎＶ＝Ａ＋Ｂｔ，高温下３１３Ｋ）为Ｖ＝Ａ＋Ｂ１ｎｔ；不同类型土壤镉吸持的动力学模型以双常数模型较优。     

应用生物模拟采样法快速评估水中邻苯二甲酸酯的生物富集性

利用三油酸甘油酯-醋酸纤维素半透复合膜(TECAM)对12种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)进行微耗式快速富集试验(24 h),估算生物模拟采样方法对PAEs化合物的富集动力学参数以及富集系数,比较了膜富集系数(MCF)与生物富集系数(实验测定、模型预测)之间的相关性,及其随化合物的辛醇-水分配系数(KOW)的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)随着疏水性的增强,化合物在TECAM膜中具有不同的富集趋势:弱疏水性化合物能快速平衡,中疏水性化合物先经历线性富集阶段随后到达曲线富集阶段,中强疏水性化合物一直处于线性阶段;(2)膜对PAEs的富集系数随KOW的增加先上升后下降,与BCF随KOW的变化趋势一致,同时两种富集系数对KOW均符合二次曲线模型,并且MCF的相关性更好;(3)对MCF整体高于BCF的结果做出了解释——生物代谢使得BCF偏低,而TECAM对PAEs的富集不涉及代谢过程。尽管MCF不能表征生物体对邻苯二甲酸酯等可生物降解目标化合物的代谢过程,但该方法不受物种个体差异影响,具有估算水生生物富集目标化合物的潜在能力,更利于化合物之间的评估比较,并可作为对比研究生物代谢对BCF的影响。     

Industrial sustainability in China: practice and prospects for eco-industrial development

China is a large densely populated country undergoing rapid industrialization and is becoming one of the world's biggest consumers of natural resources. This circumstance provides a sharp contrast with other countries. As China is so significant in the global economy, studies of its eco-industrial development are very important. In this study we examined the state of eco-industrial development in China and have drawn conclusions from this analysis about some of the future prospects for sustainable development. In the analysis, we investigated the application of industrial ecology concepts by reference to several case studies. We have therefore described the current environmental situation in China, and have provided an overview of eco-industrial development and its implementation. Constraints to industrial sustainability in China have also been examined. We consider that eco-industrial development in China is in its infancy, and that closed loops involving chains and industrial symbiotic webs are the technological key and core of successful initiatives in the application of industrial ecology. In the case studies, we found that each system has different characteristics and management concerns. Our major conclusion is that even though China's Agenda 21 highlights the principles and sets the directions for eco-industrial development, these have not yet become essential ingredients in the country's industrial policy and practice for implementing Agenda 21.     

别说大熊猫不濒危

2015年中国国家林业局公布数据显示中国大熊猫数量已经增加1864只,根据这一结果世界自然保护联盟将大熊猫由濒危物种降至易危物种。作者们指出这一结果未免过于乐观。（1）大熊猫的食物主要为竹子,CO₂浓度升高将影响竹子的生长发育,缩短竹子的生命周期,导致竹子提前开花,提前死亡;温度升高延长了竹粘虫等灾虫的生活周期,增加粘虫等害虫数量,影响竹子的产量和品质,从而威胁熊猫生存。（2）470 km长的龙门山地震带穿越四川亚种熊猫部分栖息地。遥感数据显示2008年汶川地震导致卧龙保护区进一步破碎化。（3）随着私家车的普及高速公路快速发展,生态旅游活动加剧,而人类活动影响动物荷尔蒙分泌、新陈代谢及生殖,增加疾病传播风险。（4）大熊猫栖息地环境污染日趋严重,直接威胁着大熊猫生存和健康。因此,大熊猫保护是一项长期的、艰巨的任务,世界自然保护联盟降级大熊猫保护等级为之过早,大熊猫依然是一个濒危物种,全球应该继续关注中国大熊猫保护。