林芝县林业发展现状及开发利用途径

本文详细分析了林芝县森林资源条件及其开发利用中存在的主要问题,提出了生态林业、“三高”林业、社会林业和木材的综合利用方向,并就开发利用目标,规划和措施作了相应的论述。     

稀土湿法冶炼废水处理与资源化研究

对某稀土湿法冶炼工艺进行了以清洁生产为核心的技改方案研究,在清洁工艺设计的基础上,通过工艺原理分析和试验,说明其革新工艺的经济有效性;从酸浸废液中年回收硫酸亚铁３０００ｔ,从碱转废液中年回收硫酸钠３０００ｔ;从废水回收冰晶石,氟回收８６％;     

基于风险分析的流域优先有机污染物筛查:研究与应用

应用高通量分析方法对大清河流域47个沉积物中的潜在风险有机污染物进行了分析,共筛查到104种有毒有机污染物。应用基于风险分析的筛查体系对检出率高于10%的54种污染物进行了概率风险评估,筛查出11种具有潜在风险的流域优先有机污染物,包括农药(特草克、氨磺磷、枯莠隆)、工业用品及副产物(二苯胺、9,10-蒽醌、萘、2-甲基萘)及家庭及个人护理品(咖啡因、苯乙酮、苯甲酮、联苯)等。结果表明,基于风险分析的流域污染物筛查方法体系可成功地对流域内优先污染物进行识别与筛查,为流域管理提供科学依据。     

水样不同处理方式对总磷监测值的影响

研究了水样不同处理方式对三峡水库长江干流江段总磷监测值的影响.结果表明,悬浮颗粒物浓度(SS)是澄清样和浑样、清样和浑样、清样和澄清样总磷之间差别的主要影响因子;用非线性回归方法得出了水样不同处理方式下总磷间的经验关系式,并进行了验证.结果表明,计算值和实测值基本吻合.依据SS和所得经验关系,可计算磷在水-固两相之间的分配,及磷在粗颗粒物和细颗粒物中的赋存比例.河床上覆水体中溶解态磷、颗粒态磷及赋存于粗颗粒物上的磷所占比例皆随悬浮颗粒物浓度发生显著变化.SS大于500mg·L-1时,90%以上的磷赋存于悬浮颗粒物上,澄清样磷仅代表了整体总磷浓度的50%以下.     

快速真空断路器在限流技术中的应用

针对由于电网规模和单机容量的不断扩大,造成电网短路电流越来越大的问题,采用快速真空断路器技术,快速投入限流电抗器对短路电流进行深度限制,使得电网短路电流大幅度减小。经电网中压系统大量应用和 330 kV 线路安装考核验证,结果表明:采用快速真空断路器技术限制电网短路电流,避免了常规限流技术造成的较大运行损耗,实现了电网限流装置结构轻便、造价低廉、运行可靠、维护方便的目标。     

水生态完整性监测评价的基准与参照状态探究

水生态完整性评价通过对水生态系统中不同生态组分(非生物和生物)的监测,整合物理栖息地、环境水质和生物特征形成综合评价指数来反映水生态系统健康状况,是流域水环境管理的重要手段。笔者尝试从水生态完整性评价中基准与参照状态的核心要素出发,探讨基准与参照状态的概念框架与具体定义,综述评价参照状态的四大类确定方法(基于分类学的参照位点法、历史数据法,针对特定位点的模型预测法以及提供经验解释与描述的专家判断法),并对参照状态研究的挑战与应用予以展望。     

Can’t See the (Bamboo) Forest for the Trees: Examining Bamboo’s Fit Within International Forestry Institutions

Over the centuries, governments and international agencies have developed a wide range of institutions to manage timber resources and conserve values provided by treed lands. Concerns regarding the sustainable supply of timber have provided opportunities for the development of substitute resources; however, bamboo and other non-timber forest resources have not been a part of the development of these institutions. Bamboo is a unique Non-Timber Forest Product, as it is often classified as forest or timber, and therefore must adhere to the same regulations as timber. Given the recent global expansion of bamboo, it is timely to examine the interplay between bamboo and the traditional institutions of forest governance. This paper aims to contribute to debates regarding cognitive institutional constraints on the development of substitute natural resources using bamboo as a case study, with specific focus on the applicability of Forest Stewardship Council certification, timber legality verification and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation to bamboos.     

A tiered ecological risk assessment of three chlorophenols in Chinese surface waters

Introduction

The ecological risks posed by three chlorophenols (CPs), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in Chinese surface waters were assessed.

Materials and methods

This was achieved by applying a tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA) approach ranging from deterministic methods to probabilistic options to measured concentrations of CPs in surface water of seven major watersheds and three drainage regions in China and the chronic toxicity data for indigenous Chinese species.

Results and discussion

The results show that the risks of three chlorophenols are ranked PCP>2,4-DCP??2,4,6-TCP. PCP posed little ecological risk while 2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP posed negligible or de minimis risk in Chinese surface water. However, the risks varied with different river basins, for example, PCP posed some ecological risk in the Yangtze, Huaihe, and Pearl Rivers. The magnitude of 2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP pollution in North China was more serious than that in South China.

Conclusion

The probabilistic risk assessment approach, which can provide more information for risk managers and decision makers, was favored over the screening-level single-value estimate method. However, the results from all tiers of the ERA methods in the framework were consistent with each other.     

Toxicity of pentachlorophenol to native aquatic species in the Yangtze River

Introduction  

While the literature is replete with studies of the toxic potency of pentachlorophenol (PCP), site-specific criteria for native aquatic species that can be used in ecological risk assessments has been lacking and application of toxicity information for non-native species is controversial.     

高氨氮污泥脱水液短程硝化反硝化的启动及稳定

采用A/O-CSTR工艺处理高氨氮污泥脱水液。进水氨氮浓度浓度约为375 mg/L,C/N比小于1.0,反硝化碳源明显不足。A/O反应器完成短程硝化反应,CSTR定期投加初沉污泥作为碳源进行反硝化。两者联合达到总氮去除的目的。实验研究短程硝化反应的启动过程,以及CSTR出水回流对短程硝化和系统脱氮效果的影响。实验结果表明系统具有良好的硝化反硝化效果。A/O反应器亚硝酸盐积累率迅速提高并稳定在90%以上。CSTR有效利用初沉污泥实现了稳定的反硝化。出水回流有利于提高总氮去除率,在回流比为200%时,系统平均总氮去除率达到85%以上。