Measuring the bias of technical change of industrial energy and environment productivity in China: a global DEA-Malmquist productivity approach

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Thanks to the booming industry, China has made a huge economic achievement during the past several decades. However, it is suffering severe...     

抗坏血酸存在条件下NO2-对玉米植株镉胁迫的缓解作用

植物所吸收的Cd通过与关键的代谢途径、蛋白质的羧基和硫巯基相互作用,或者通过诱导活性氧的迸发而对植物产生毒害作用.大多数植物甚至暴露于低浓度的Cd就会引起明显的中毒症状,因此,揭示缓解Cd胁迫/或提高重金属污染土壤上作物的生产力是一个刻不容缓的问题.植物中的气体多功能信号分子一氧化氮(NO)被证明广泛参与了植物对Cd胁迫的响应和调节,但由于受到成本等因素的限制,其在生产中的应用还不成熟.因此,本文以玉米为实验材料,系统地研究了酸性条件下由抗坏血酸(Vc)和亚硝酸盐(NO-2)反应所产生的NO对植株遭受Cd胁迫的缓解作用.结果表明,10 mmol·L-1的Vc和浓度为0、500、1000、1500、2000、3000、4000、5000μmol·L-1的NaNO2分别进行反应,其缓解Cd胁迫的作用呈先促进后抑制的现象,NaNO2最佳浓度为3000μmol·L-1.与对照相比,适度的Vc+NO-2预处理能够显著增加Cd胁迫下玉米幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性,相应地减少了活性氧过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子(O-·2)的积累,降低了膜脂的过氧化伤害.Vc+NO-2还能显著地缓解由Cd造成的叶片黄化现象,维持叶片叶绿素含量的相对稳定;能够在重金属胁迫下增强植物螯合重金属离子的能力,减缓重金属对植株生长发育和生理代谢的影响.由于具有价格低廉且来源方便的特点,Vc+NO-2来源的NO在大田作物抵抗Cd胁迫中具有潜在的应用价值.     

污水处理过程中曝气方式对挥发性有机物排放量影响研究

针对污水处理厂逸散挥发性有机物(VOCs)加重城市雾霾的环境问题,实验研究了污水生化处理中不同曝气强度、曝气方式对VOCs排放量的影响.研究表明:在SBR处理工艺中,曝气阶段产生VOCs占全过程排放总量的88.34%,曝气强度、曝气方式是影响VOCs排放量的主要因素;在均匀曝气条件下,不同时刻VOCs逸散浓度先急剧上升,在4~6 min达到峰值,然后呈下降趋势,约50~60 min后趋于稳定;不同曝气强度条件下,VOCs产生量与曝气强度正相关,当曝气强度在175 m L·min~(-1)时,既满足出水污染物去除效果,又能使VOCs的排放量最少;在渐减曝气方式中,采用曝气强度分别为200、175、150、125 m L·min~(-1),持续1 h递减的四阶段运行方式和同一曝气强度(175 m L·min~(-1))均匀曝气相比,前者的VOCs总排放量减少了19.51%,曝气量减少了7.14%,说明现有污水处理厂通过优化曝气方式可明显减少VOCs排放.     

Climate change drives NDVI variations at multiple spatiotemporal levels rather than human disturbance in Northwest China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Changes in land management and climate alter vegetation dynamics; however, the factors driving vegetation changes remain elusive at multiple...     

Low intensity ultrasound stimulates biological activity of aerobic activated sludge

This work aims to explore a procedure to improve biological wastewater treatment efficiency using low intensity ultrasound. The aerobic activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used as the experimental material. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of the activated sludge (AS) was determined to indicate the changes of AS activity stimulated by ultrasound at 35 kHz for 0–40 min with ultrasonic intensities of 0–1.2 W/cm². The highest OUR was observed at the ultrasonic intensity of 0.3 W/cm² and an irradiation period of 10 min; more than 15% increase was achieved immediately after sonication. More significantly, the AS activity stimulated by ultrasound could last 24 h after sonication, and the AS activity achieved its peak value within 8 h after sonication, or nearly 100% higher than the initial level after sonication. Therefore, to improve the wastewater treatment efficiency of bioreactors, ultrasound with an intensity of 0.3 W/cm² could be employed to irradiate a part of the AS in the bioreactor for 10 min every 8 h.     

人为干扰对马尾松次生林多样性的影响

利用Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ多样性指数和均匀度来分析人为干扰对马尾松次生林木本植物多样性的影响，结果表明：马尾松次生林木本植物多样性指数为２左右（１．８５７９～２．１９４６），均匀度为０．７左右（０．７２４４～０．７７４６），物种多度分布符合对数级数分布，不同干扰强度对多样性和均匀度有一定影响，对物种多度分布没有影响，对马尾松林的更新有重要作用。     

重复接种菌群强化修复石油污染土壤

微生物技术在修复石油污染土壤中具有广阔的应用前景.重复接种是提高外部菌群在实际环境中的竞争力和适应性的潜在而有力的手段,是保证高效修复的关键.该研究选择了从石油污染环境中分离获得的2株烃降解菌(SW-1、SW-4)及2株生物表面活性剂产生菌(F、F2),按不同比例复配,构建高效烃降解菌群,研究了重复接种该菌群强化修复石油污染土壤的效果,监测了修复过程中石油降解率、细菌数量以及土壤酶活性的变化.结果 表明,由4株菌等比例组成的菌群在7d内降解率最高;与单次接种相比,重复接种显著提高了土壤中烃的降解率,GC-MS分析表明菌群对C15～C30烷烃有较好的降解效果,相关性分析表明降解率与土壤中细菌数量和酶活性的增加显著相关.研究结果将有助于微生物修复技术在石油污染环境中的广泛应用,具有重要的环境和经济效益.     

五滚柱式超越离合器系统模糊可靠度计算

根据五滚柱式超越离合器的工作原理及每一个零部件的功能 ,作者将离合器系统简化为一个由外环、心轮与滚柱———弹簧子系统组成的串联系统 ,应用模糊数学的理论与方法建立了离合器系统模糊可靠度的数学模型并且给出了一个简单实例 ,并与用常规方法计算的离合器系统可靠度进行了比较 ,为安全工程人员进行工程设计或可靠性分析提供了一种实用模糊数学方法     

Low intensity ultrasound stimulates biological activity of aerobic activated sludge

This work aims to explore a procedure to improve biological wastewater treatment efficiency using low intensity ultrasound. The aerobic activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used as the experimental material. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of the activated sludge (AS) was determined to indicate the changes of AS activity stimulated by ultrasound at 35 kHz for 0–40 min with ultrasonic intensities of 0–1.2 W/cm². The highest OUR was observed at the ultrasonic intensity of 0.3 W/cm² and an irradiation period of 10 min; more than 15% increase was achieved immediately after sonication. More significantly, the AS activity stimulated by ultrasound could last 24 h after sonication, and the AS activity achieved its peak value within 8 h after sonication, or nearly 100% higher than the initial level after sonication. Therefore, to improve the wastewater treatment efficiency of bioreactors, ultrasound with an intensity of 0.3 W/cm² could be employed to irradiate a part of the AS in the bioreactor for 10 min every 8 h. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(4): 124–128 [译自: 环境科学]