控制回路的多维度性能评估方法研究

为评价炼化装置中各控制回路的性能,基于控制回路关键品质指标要求,采用控制回路的设定值、输出值、测量值、控制模式等过程参数设计了准确性指标、稳定性指标及快速性指标等性能评估指标。辅助技术人员在线进行控制回路性能评估,识别性能较差的控制回路,诊断异常原因并进行优化,提高装置的自动化水平。     

开发建设中生态保护与恢复标准的技术要求及其确定方法初探

在阐述开发建设中生态保护与恢复标准的技术要求涵义和构成要素的基础上,对其规定方式和确定要求的工作程序、原则与方法进行了探讨。技术要求的规定方式包括定量方式和定性方式,其中定量方式又包括规定指标限值、规定指标限值的计算方法、规定参照系和规定指标的设计保证率4种。技术要求的确定可按如下程序进行：（1）分析开发建设活动的技术环节;（2）分析开发建设活动的生态影响;（3）确定生态保护与恢复主题;（4）确定生态保护与恢复的技术要求。确定技术要求时,应遵循以下原则：（1）技术和经济因素相结合;（2）体现自然地理条件的差异;（3）考虑历史情况。技术要求的确定可以有以下5种方法：（1）实践经验与科学试验总结法;（2）借鉴相关标准法;（3）借鉴国外同类标准法;（4）推理分析法;（5）基于生态质量要求的理论计算法。     

吉林省生态环境保护“十四五”规划的初步思考

"十四五"是在打赢污染防治攻坚战、全面建成小康社会的基础上,加快实现2035年基本建成美丽中国"吉林样板"的关键五年。研究报告在对吉林省"十三五"生态环境保护成效及存在的主要问题、"十四五"生态环境保护面临的机遇和挑战进行分析的基础上,提出了"十四五"全省生态环境保护的总体思路与目标及主要任务。     

The influence of storage on the morphology and physiology of phthalic acid-degrading aerobic granules

The precultured aerobic granules with special degradabilities could be used as a feasible bioseed for enhancement of aerobic granulation systems. In practice, the storage stability, physicochemical characteristics, and recovering efficiency of granules are crucial for a long-distance transportation and successful application. In this study, phthalic acid (PA)-degrading aerobic granules were cultivated and stored for 8 wk at 4 °C. The granular size, settling ability as well as structure integrity was found stable during the storage period. It was observed that the upper 1/3 part of granules stored in the reagent bottle turned to black color, while the lower 2/3 part granules did not significantly change color (brown–yellow) after the 8-wk storage. The black and brown–yellow color PA-degrading granules were manually separated and re-inoculated into two identical sequencing batch reactors for reviving the PA degradation capability. After a 7 d operation, both black and yellow granules restored their activities to the levels before storage, in terms of total organic carbon removal efficiency (100%), specific oxygen uptake rate (59 mg g VSS⁻¹ h⁻¹), and adenosine triphosphate content (0.016 mg g VSS⁻¹). This study demonstrated that aerobic granules grown on a complex substrate could tolerate storage conditions and rapidly restored their bioactivities toward the target pollutant. The results also shed the light on the future application of precultured aerobic granules with unique functions for biodegradation and bioremediation purpose.     

Emission Inventories of Carbon-containing Greenhouse Gases in China and Technological Measures for Their Abatement

The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

阿坝州室内氡及子体水平与肺癌患病率关系的研究

本文报道了四川省阿坝州高原山区各县室内氧及子体浓度,并对阿坝州各县肺癌患病进行了流调。全州室内氧浓度范围值0.5～374.1Bqm~(_3)X:22.7Bqm~(-3);Xg:16.3Bqm~(-3),子体浓度范围值0.32～87.6mwl;X:6.0mwl;Xg:3.94mwl。研究表明:肺癌患病率与氡浓度有相关关系,r=0.6,p<0.01。     

重金属对方形网纹溞的毒性研究

在静置换水条件下，研究了重金属对方形网纹的急性毒性和生活周期毒性。Ｈｇ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｃｒ６＋和Ｚｎ２＋在２５±１℃下对方形网纹的４ｓｈＥＣ５０分别为０．０１００、０．０２５４、０．１４４和０．２８２８ｍｇ／Ｌ。Ｈｇ２＋对方形网纹的７ｄ生活周期毒性试验，以存活、生长和生殖为毒性指标，未觉察反应浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）为５·９μｇＮＬ，最低觉察反应浓度（ＬＯＥｃ）为１１．８３μｇ／Ｌ，其毒性阈限在二者之间。重金属对方形网纹与大型及鱼类的急性毒性比较和Ｈｇ２＋对类生活周期的毒性比较均表明方形网纹较为敏感。     

亚硝酰亚铁螯合物--Ⅰ.NO与FeⅡ螯合物在水溶液中配位的热力学研究

本文报道了一氧化氮在水溶液中与Fe~Ⅱ(NTMP),Fe~Ⅱ(EDTMP),Fe~Ⅱ(TTHA)_(1/2),Fe~Ⅱ(DTPA).Fe~Ⅱ(CyDTA)和Fe~Ⅱ(EGTA)配位的研究.此处NTMP=氨基三甲叉膦酸,EDTMP=乙二胺四甲叉膦酸,TTHA=三乙四胺六乙酸,DTPA=二乙三胺五乙酸,CyDTA=反式-1,2-二胺六环四乙酸,EGTA=乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸.测定了前四个体系的平衡常数、焓变和熵变,这些亚硝酰配合物稳定性的顺序如下:Fe~Ⅱ(NTMP)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(EDTMP)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(TTHA)_(1/2)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(DTPA)(NO):后两个体系所生成的亚硝酰配合物的稳定性更低.稳定性随温度升高而降低.pH值和螯合剂浓度对配位反应有影响.螯合物Fe~Ⅱ(L)_m的稳定性与亚硝酰螯合物Fe~Ⅱ(L)_m(NO)的稳定性之间没有简单的相关性.