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41.
Economic and highly effective methods of in situ remediation of Cd and As polluted farmland in mining areas are urgently needed. Pot experiments with Brassica chinensis L. were carried out to determine the effects of three soil amendments [a novel iron-silicon material (ISM), a synthetic zeolite (SZ) and an alkaline clay (AC)] on vegetable uptake of As and Cd. SEM–EDS and XRD analyses were used to investigate the remediation mechanisms involved. Amendment with ISM significantly reduced the concentrations of As and Cd in edible parts of B. chinensis (by 84–94 % and 38–87 %, respectively), to levels that met food safety regulations and was much lower than those achieved by SZ and AC. ISM also significantly increased fresh biomass by 169–1412 % and 436–731 % in two consecutive growing seasons, while SZ and AC did not significantly affect vegetable growth. Correlation analysis suggested that it was the mitigating effects of ISM on soil acidity and on As and Cd toxicity, rather than nutrient amelioration, that contributed to the improvement in plant growth. SEM–EDS analysis showed that ISM contained far more Ca, Fe and Mn than did SZ or AC, and XRD analysis showed that in the ISM these elements were primarily in the form of silicates, oxides and phosphates that had high capacities for chemisorption of metal(loid)s. After incubation with solutions containing 800 mg L?1 AsO4 2? or Cd2+, ISM bound distinctly higher levels of As (6.18 % in relative mass percent by EDS analysis) and Cd (7.21 % in relative mass percent by EDS analysis) compared to SZ and AC. XRD analysis also showed that ISM facilitated the precipitation of Cd2+ as silicates, phosphates and hydroxides, and that arsenate combined with Fe, Al, Ca and Mg to form insoluble arsenate compounds. These precipitation mechanisms were much more active in ISM than in SZ or AC. Due to the greater pH elevation caused by the abundant calcium silicate, chemisorption and precipitation mechanisms in ISM treatments could be further enhanced. That heavy metal(loid)s fixation mechanisms of ISM ensure the remediation more irreversible and more resilient to environmental changes. With appropriate application rate and proper nutrients supplement, the readily available and economic ISM is a very promising amendment for safe crop production on multi-metal(loids) polluted soils.  相似文献   
42.
分析研究农村房屋易损性是防震减灾工作中必不可少的一部分.本文通过对苏北地区自然村民房的随机调查,分析其存在的问题,对其做出易损性的分析研究.苏北地区农房抗震性能总体水平较低.随着农村经济的发展和提高,应加强农村民居防震减灾工作指导,提高农村民居抗震能力.  相似文献   
43.
绥棱县环境监测站自1987年以来,每年对城镇环境噪声进行一次监测。经过多年监测,获得监测数据30多万个,通过对比得出:工业噪声源的影响在逐年变小,工业声源影响构成百分比由20年前的38%降至现在的20%,但局部地区对附近居民的影响依旧存在;随着城镇建设速度的加快,建筑施工噪声源的影响在逐年加大,施工声源构成百分比由20年前的2%增加到12%;随着交通运输业的发展,车流量的逐年增多,道路交通噪声污染在逐年加重,超标路段由20年前的13.7%上升到现在的32.3%;目前处于超标环境中的面积率和人口率分别为51.9%和69.2%,白天居民生活居住区和混合区噪声污染较重,夜间有三分之一居住混合区污染还很严重。  相似文献   
44.
剩余污泥的水解与氮磷回收   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
传统污水好氧生物处理过程中产生大量剩余污泥,这些污泥有机质中富含大量的氮磷元素。随着剩余污泥的消化并最终处置,大量的氮磷资源被白白浪费。在污泥消化过程中有机态氮磷可以在水解类细菌的水解作用下最终以氨氮和磷酸盐的形式溶出。当水解液中氨氮和磷酸盐达到一定浓度时,投加镁盐并调节pH,生成鸟粪石沉淀。鸟粪石作为一种缓释肥具有良好的经济效益。从资源回收的角度看,对剩余污泥水解酸化阶段研究有利于实现剩余污泥中氮磷资源的有效回收。  相似文献   
45.
曝气生物滤池处理效果影响因素试验研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
曝气生物滤池具有占地面积小、处理效率高等特点而成为分散型污水处理技术的优先选择,为了进一步优化该工艺的运行控制,通过试验研究了有机负荷、水力停留时间、气水比等因素对曝气生物滤池处理效能的影响,结果表明曝气生物滤池对有机负荷、水力停留时间、气水比变化具有良好的适应能力。在温度为20℃~25℃时,COD负荷在1-4.5kg/m^3·d之间、气水比在3:1~10:1之间、水力停留时间在30min-60min之间时,COD去除效果良好,平均去除率可达85%。COD负荷、停留时间和气水比对硝化反应影响显著,增加COD负荷对反应器的硝化能力有明显的抑制作用,反应器需要充分硝化时的进水有机负荷应控制在1.5kgCOD/m^3·d以内较为合适。停留时间在30min-60min、气水比在3:1~10:1范围内变化时,NH4^+-N去除率增加显著。  相似文献   
46.
对多年扎龙湿地野生丹顶鹤的种群数量及繁殖情况的调查数据作了详细统计,阐述了种群数量和繁殖巢数变化的原因,分析了丹顶鹤生存环境面临的威胁因素,并提出了相应的保护措施.  相似文献   
47.
Sui Q  Wang B  Zhao W  Huang J  Yu G  Deng S  Qiu Z  Lu S 《Chemosphere》2012,89(3):280-286
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the trace-level contamination of pharmaceuticals in the water environment all over the world. Considering a large number of pharmaceuticals used, it is crucial to establish a priority list of pharmaceuticals that should be monitored and/or treated first. In the present study, we developed a ranking system based on the pharmaceutical consumption, removal performance in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and potential ecological effects, and applied to the situation of China. 39 pharmaceuticals, which had available consumption data and also been reported previously in the WWTPs of China, were selected as candidate pharmaceuticals. Among them, seventeen pharmaceuticals were considered as priority pharmaceuticals, out of which, erythromycin, diclofenac acid and ibuprofen, had the high priority. Compared with other literatures, we found that some pharmaceuticals given concerns to globally should also be included in the priority list in China; while some pharmaceuticals, not mentioned in other literatures, such as cefalexin, ketoconazole, should be also given prior consideration in China. Among all the therapeutic classes, antibiotics, which were grossly abused in China, contributed the most to the priority pharmaceuticals. However, priority antibiotics accounted for only 32% of candidate antibiotics, while 71% and 100% of the candidate anti-inflammatory and antilipidemic respectively were identified as the priority pharmaceuticals, indicating that antibiotics might be overanxiously considered in the previous studies on their behaviors in the WWTPs of China.  相似文献   
48.
Natural zeolite was modified by loading cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) to create more e cient sites for humic acid (HA) adsorption. The natural and CPB modified zeolites were characterized with X-ray di raction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The e ects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial HA concentration, solution pH and coexistent Ca2+, upon HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolites were evaluated. The results showed that natural zeolite had negligible a nity for HA in aqueous solutions, but CPB modified zeolites exhibited high adsorption e ciency for HA. A higher CPB loading on natural zeolites exhibited a larger HA adsorption capacity. Acidic pH and coexistent Ca2+ were proved to be favorable for HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolite. The kinetic process was well described by pseudo second-order model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir and Sips models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CPB modified zeolite with surfactant bilayer coverage was found to be 92.0 mg/g.  相似文献   
49.
复合氧化物汽车尾气净化催化剂抗SO2中毒机理研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
复合氧化物催化剂(ASC)具有较高的活性和良好的抗SO_2中毒性能.用IR、XPS、TPD等技术研究了该催化剂抗SO_2中毒机理,结果表明,与易失活催化剂相比,ASC经500h反应(反应气含SO_2约20ppm),其活性组分价态无显著变化,仅表面发生SO_2的化学吸附,经与约500ppm的SO_2作用20h后,发现仅有少量SO_4~(2-)形成.这是由于在ASC催化剂中添加了特殊助剂,而使催化剂活性组分得到保护的缘故.  相似文献   
50.
提出了一种流动注射在线离子交换富集一氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定水样中总汞的分析方法。设计了双柱并联富集,串联洗脱的在线离子交换流路及操作程序,优化了各项化学条件及流路参数。方法操作简便快速,灵敏度高,干扰少。富集倍数达25倍以上,采样频率为30次/h,回收率达90%-105%。应用于环境水样中痕量汞的测定,获得了满意的结果。  相似文献   
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