家用洗涤剂中特征污染物的检测及潜在风险研究

家用洗涤剂的特征污染物磷与表面活性剂随废水排入环境水体造成水体溶解氧下降、富营养化,破坏水生生态环境。从北京市三个具有代表性的市场购买洗衣液、洗衣粉、洗衣皂和洗洁精四种形态的家用洗涤剂共40个样本,并对其中磷与阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)含量进行检测。结果显示,所有衣用洗涤剂总P2O5含量均小于1.1%,符合无磷洗涤剂国家标准(GB/T 13171.2-2009);而LAS含量差异较大,范围为6.9%~31.4%,基本趋势是洗洁精洗衣液洗衣粉;经估算,洗涤等量衣物,洗衣液的LAS排放量比洗衣粉高49.1%,北京市每年家用洗涤剂LAS产生量至少为1.23万吨;经检测蓟运河北京段水样,61.5%的样点水样中LAS含量达到III类水质标准,但局部地区污染仍较为严重,污染风险不可忽视。     

污水处理厂絮凝剂最佳浓度的小试实践

聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂在污水处理行业使用已很普遍,使用前通过精确小试更准确把握其使用浓度及使用量,可节约生产成本。本文介绍了一种简易的试验装置,用其测定得到污水处理厂絮凝剂的最佳使用浓度。     

Effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenols on newborn leucocyte telomere length: a prospective birth cohort study in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Telomere length (TL) at birth is related to diseases that may arise in the future and long-term health. Bisphenols exhibit toxic effects and can cross...     

Phytoremediation of industrial sludge using vegetation‐assisted dewatering

With the emergence of risk‐based corrective action decisions, there is interest in the use of more natural techniques that may be as protective as the traditional removal, landfill, or capping approaches for impoundment closure. The use of phytoremediation is one of the more promising techniques. This article presents the results of a three‐year field‐pilot phytoremediation study that involved the use of plants to enhance sludge dewatering at an inactive natural gas‐cracking wastewater lagoon. The dewatering was accompanied by contaminant reduction of benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), and naphthalene concentrations to below the cleanup goals. Meanwhile, the concentration reductions of three or more ring polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) varied between 30 percent and 60 percent, except for dibenz[a,h]anthracene. The residual PAHs in the sludge are not leaching. Parallel laboratory studies suggest a reduced PAH availability and mobility in the unsaturated zone sludge. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

新疆主要自然灾害及其减灾策略

新疆是一个自然灾害较多的地区,地震灾害、地质灾害、气象灾害、洪水灾害都比较频繁。本文在概述、分析上述灾害的基础上,提出了减轻自然灾害的策略。     

三峡水库汞活化效应对鱼汞含量影响的预测

报道了三峡库区长江干流江段鱼体汞元素的含量范围为０．０４￣０．４２ｍｇ／ｋｇ（湿重）,高于长江水系鱼体汞含量水平。分析了三峡库区鱼体汞含量高的原因,指出三峡库区毗邻武陵山高汞背景区,主要受汞矿开发、高汞燃煤及城市废弃物排放的影响。利用水库汞活化指数模型,预测三峡水库蓄水后库区干流及４０条主要支流水域汞的活化效应将增强０．３５￣１．５倍,鱼体汞含量将是现在鱼汞含量的１．４￣２．５倍;并根据不同鱼种汞     

风暴潮洪水风险图制作研究

在对洪水灾害风险图进行研究和归纳的基础上,根据上海市的地形、沿海提防、洪涝灾害等特点,分析了上海市风暴潮洪水灾害的成因,以及这些因素与洪灾危险程度间的相关关系。借助模糊数学方法,求出危险程度隶属度。在地理信息系统平台上,采用多边形叠置分析和聚类分析等手段,研究洪水灾害危险程度区划的方法,进而绘制成洪水风险图。风险的评估采用了多指标综合评估方法,不仅计算了洪水的自然风险,同时考虑了防洪工程风险的影响。     

我国农业自然灾害与农业政策性保险

在详细分析了我国当前主要农业自然灾害情况的基础上,探讨了通过建立农业政策性保险来应对自然灾害风险的必要性以及我国农业保险目前面临的问题,提出了加大政府支持力度、加快农业保险立法、提高保险意识、加强保险人才培养等方面的政策建议。     

Highly selective capture of phosphate ions from water by a water stable metal-organic framework modified with polyethyleneimine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, a series of polyethyleneimine (PEI) impregnated metal-organic framework (UiO-66) with varying PEI loadings were prepared and applied as...