Intervention factors associated with environmental stressors resulting from cross-provincial transfers by coal resource-based enterprises

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The environmental stressors associated with the cross-provincial transfer of coal resource-based enterprises (CREs) have become a critical concern for the...     

共存阳离子对砷、硒和钒毒性效应的影响及预测模型研究

为探明并量化共存阳离子存在下含氧阴离子型金属在生物体中的毒性效应,以模式植物小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)为研究对象,通过单一变量控制实验,探究了4种阳离子(Ca⁽²⁺⁾、Mg(2+)、Mg⁽²⁺⁾、Na(2+)、Na⁺和K+和K⁺)对3种典型含氧阴离子型金属(AsO_4+)对3种典型含氧阴离子型金属(AsO_4^(3-)、SeO_3(3-)、SeO_3^(2-)和VO_4(2-)和VO_4^(3-))毒性的影响,并构建了静电作用模型来预测和评估As、Se和V的生态毒性效应与风险。结果表明,Ca(3-))毒性的影响,并构建了静电作用模型来预测和评估As、Se和V的生态毒性效应与风险。结果表明,Ca⁽²⁺⁾对As、Se和V毒性的影响呈现出3种不同的趋势：在相同设计浓度范围内Ca(2+)对As、Se和V毒性的影响呈现出3种不同的趋势：在相同设计浓度范围内Ca⁽²⁺⁾的增加显著引起了As毒性的减弱(Adj.R(2+)的增加显著引起了As毒性的减弱(Adj.R²=0.76,P<0.05)、V毒性的加剧(Adj.R2=0.76,P<0.05)、V毒性的加剧(Adj.R²=0.81,P<0.05),而对Se毒性却没有显著影响。当Mg2=0.81,P<0.05),而对Se毒性却没有显著影响。当Mg⁽²⁺⁾从0.20 mmol·L(2+)从0.20 mmol·L^(-1)增加到2.73 mmol·L(-1)增加到2.73 mmol·L^(-1)时,Se主导形态的半数有效活度值(EC_(50){HSeO+3(-1)时,Se主导形态的半数有效活度值(EC_(50){HSeO+3^-})从40.40 μmol·L-})从40.40 μmol·L^(-1)显著下降为27.98 μmol·L(-1)显著下降为27.98 μmol·L^(-1),即Se毒性增强到原来的1.44倍(Adj.R(-1),即Se毒性增强到原来的1.44倍(Adj.R²=0.79,P<0.05)。静电作用理论能够很好地解释Ca2=0.79,P<0.05)。静电作用理论能够很好地解释Ca⁽²⁺⁾(或Mg(2+)(或Mg⁽²⁺⁾)在显著增强V(或Se)毒性中发挥的作用,将这种静电作用影响纳入考虑成功构建了可以定量预测V(Adj.R(2+))在显著增强V(或Se)毒性中发挥的作用,将这种静电作用影响纳入考虑成功构建了可以定量预测V(Adj.R²=0.88)和Se(Adj.R2=0.88)和Se(Adj.R²=0.95)毒性的静电作用模型。研究结果弥补了目前含氧阴离子型金属生态毒性研究的不足,为含氧阴离子型金属的土壤污染生态风险评估提供了指导与参考。     

Association of hearing loss with total and cause-specific mortality in US adults

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We expected to explore the associations of hearing loss and hearing thresholds at different frequencies with total and cause-specific mortality. In...     

复杂景观中营养型非点源污染物时空变异特征分析

非点源污染的形成不仅受到地表物质来源、景观格局的影响,同时还受到土壤侵蚀过程、降雨过程、灌溉过程、地表和地下水文过程的影响.由于影响非点源污染的因子复杂多样,从而导致它的时空变化较大.正确认识非点源污染的时空变异特征对于科学布设监测点和研究它的变化规律具有重要意义.本文通过野外定点监测,研究了非点源污染的时空变异.结果发现:①干旱年份各种污染物空间变异小于降雨正常年份.②对于不同污染物,无论在干旱年份还是正常年份,地表水中固体悬浮颗粒物的空间变异均较大,其他污染物的空间变异相对较小.③对于固体悬浮颗粒物,干旱年份不同水文期之间的空间变异比较接近,而正常年份的空间变异不同水文期之间差异较大.④非点源污染季节变异较小的监测点主要出现在具有稳定水源和地表径流季节变化较小的地区;而非点源污染空间变异较大的监测点主要出现在山区河流上游地表径流季节变化明显、农业用地面积较大且地表径流季节变化较大和明显受到点源污染影响的地区.     

Enhanced reductive degradation of carbon tetrachloride by carbon dioxide radical anion-based sodium percarbonate/Fe(II)/formic acid system in aqueous solution

Complete CT degradation was achieved by SPC/Fe(II)/FA system.Formic acid established the reductive circumstance by producing CO₂·^–.CO₂·^– was the dominant active species responsible for CT degradation.CT degradation was favorable in the pH range from 3.0 to 9.0.SPC/Fe(II)/FA system may be suitable for CT remediation in contaminated groundwater.The performance of sodium percarbonate (SPC) activated with ferrous ion (Fe(II)) with the addition of formic acid (FA) to stimulate the degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) was investigated. Results showed that CT could be entirely reduced within 15 min in the system at a variety of SPC/Fe(II)/FA/CT molar ratios in experimental level. Scavenging tests indicated that carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2·^–) was the dominant reactive oxygen species responsible for CT degradation. CT degradation rate, to a large extent, increased with increasing dosages of chemical agents and the optimal molar ratio of SPC/Fe(II)/FA/CT was set as 60/60/60/1. The initial concentration of CT can hardly affect the CT removal, while CT degradation was favorable in the pH range of 3.0–9.0, but apparently inhibited at pH 12. Cl^– and HCO₃^– of high concentration showed negative impact on CT removal. Cl^– released from CT was detected and the results confirmed nearly complete mineralization of CT. CT degradation was proposed by reductive C-Cl bond splitting. This study demonstrated that SPC activated with Fe(II) with the addition of FA may be promising technique for CT remediation in contaminated groundwater.     

Chemical composition of the mycelium of Daldinia eschscholtzii北大核心CSCD

To investigate the chemical composition of the fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii, the compounds were separated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectral methods. The MTT method was applied to measure the cytotoxicity of representative components. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as 3β-hydroxyl-6,22-dien-5α,8α-peroxynitrite (1); ergosterol-9(11)-dehydroperoxide (2); mangiferonic acid (3); ergosta-4,6,8 (14),22-tetraen-3-one (4); (+)-syringaresinol (5); 3,5,3',5'-tetramethoxy-4,4,-diphenol (6); 5-methoxycoumarin (7); 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one (8); (2R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-ol (9); 2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one (10); and 7β-caruilignan C (11), respectively. Compound 4 showed inhibitory activity against H1299, H460, HGC-27, A5491, and MNK-45, with the IC50 value of 25.2 ± 2.9, 32.3 ± 4.2, 29.2 ± 1.2, 33.9 ± 3.7, and 18.0 ± 7.0 μmol/L, respectively. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

太湖地区水稻土表层土壤10年尺度重金属元素积累速率的估计

以江苏省几个水稻土历年监测的重金属元素变化资料为基础,估计太湖地区水稻土表层土壤的重金属元素积累速率并推算本地区相应的几种环境影响的污染通量.结果表明,Cu/Zn、Pb和Cd的积累速率分别达到0.3～lmg·(kg·a)^-1、0.2～1mg·(kg·a)^-1和0.3～3μg·(kg·a)^-1,它们的年污染通量分别为0.5～1kg·(hm²·a)^-1,0.5～1.0kg·(hm²·a)^-1,0.5～3.0kg·(hm²·a)^-1和0.8～10×10^-3kg·(hm²·a)^-1.观察到有效态含量的积累速率高于全量.就整个区域来说,Pb、Cd的面源复合污染强度明显较其他环境影响因子大,尤其是Cd的污染通量较国际上的报道偏高,说明本地区环境污染较为严重,仍然是区域环境质量的制约因素本地区土壤重金属元素的变化及其对食物链的影响以及人类健康的影响必须引起广泛的重视.     

土壤中三卤甲烷(THMs)前驱物质流出的规律

通过室内模拟淋溶实验,初步探讨了以三卤甲烷生成潜能(THMFP)为指标的土壤三卤甲烷前驱物质的流出规律.结果显示:土壤淋出液中THMFP的浓度与土壤性质特别是土壤中腐殖质含量、组成与卤代活性,模拟雨水的酸度及累积淋溶量等有关.土壤中所含腐殖质的量越大、腐殖质的卤代活性越高且溶解迁移能力越强,则淋出液中THMFP的浓度越大;酸度最低(pH3.0)的模拟雨水淋洗下,淋出液中THMFP的浓度最低;模拟雨水的pH值愈低,土壤THMFP愈易流出;本实验条件下,淋出液中THMFP的浓度随累积淋溶量的增大呈下降趋势.     

信息素调控质粒介导的粪肠球菌耐药基因接合转移机制研究进展

粪肠球菌是一种在自然环境中广泛存在的革兰氏阳性细菌.由于其特殊的耐药机制及高频率的耐药基因转移方式,导致了环境中耐药粪肠球菌的广泛传播,生态安全形势严峻.其中,信息素应答质粒介导的粪肠球菌耐药基因的接合转移是造成粪肠球菌耐药基因快速扩散的重要方式.本文回顾了近些年关于信息素应答质粒接合转移的研究成果,分析总结了接合转移的必要条件、正负调控信息素对接合转移的调节作用,并以携带四环素抗性的质粒pCF10为例简要探讨了接合转移相关基因、蛋白的调控机制,旨在更加全面地揭示粪肠球菌的耐药基因传播机制,为耐药细菌的基因转移机制研究提供参考.     

椰壳生物炭对多种重金属在广东水稻土中的吸附解吸特性影响

土壤中有毒有害重金属会造成环境污染并危害人体健康.本文基于OECD 106实验准则,采用批量平衡实验方法,研究了多种有效态重金属镉(Cd2+)、钴(Co2+)和铜(Cu2+)在广东省水稻土中的吸附解吸行为特征以及添加椰壳生物炭对吸附解吸行为的影响,并探讨了pH值、温度和添加炭含量对吸附率的影响.结果表明,3种重金属在土壤中的吸附平衡时间为25 h,解吸平衡时间为30 h,添加质量浓度5％椰壳生物炭可使土壤对3种重金属的吸附率提高11.6％ ～20.0％,重金属离子在土壤中的吸附为不可逆吸附,具有明显滞后效应,Cd2+、Co2+和Cu2+的解吸滞后系数分别为33.838、1.347和0.972.在本试验条件下,土壤溶液的pH值随椰壳生物炭含量的增加而增大,温度和含炭量对吸附率的影响呈良好的线性关系(r2>0.951).这表明,在土壤中施用椰壳生物炭能有效缓解土壤中的重金属污染.