输气管道建设项目景观及生态系统影响评价—以广东省天然气管网一期工程为例

广东省天然气一期总长约466．5km,其中干线长度约369．1km,支干线长约97．4km。项目建设区域包括广州、佛山、肇庆、惠州、韶关、清远和东莞6市。天然气管道建设因其工程特性、施工方式,不可避免对土地利用类型、土壤、植被、动物、农业等方面带来影响,其表征为景观生态的直接影响,由此带来生态系统结构和功能的改变。以广东省天然气一期为例,采用遥感解译和GIS分析技术进行生态影响评价。通过地貌、植被、土地利用现状和现代地理过程等要素的组合,结合景观破碎度、多样性、优势度等指标,定量评价管道建设造成的景观生态影响。选取植被、土壤亮度、湿度、热度等指数,确立各指数权重分后,建立生态评价模型,对生态系统质量进行综合评价,分析管道建设可能造成的生态系统影响。评价区内景观生态类型可分为水域、旱地、水田、林地、草地、建设用地6种,各占6．5％、9．9％、51．2％、25．2％、2．8％和4．3％,破碎度为0．298,均匀度0．743,优势度0．594;生态环境质量可分为良好、中等、较差3类,各占39．8％、26．0％和34．2％。     

地级市环评审批制度创新研究

自党的十八大以来,简政放权和职能转变已成为中国政府当下的行政理念,全面贯穿中国政府的施政过程,优化和完善环评审批制度的改革创新以顺应国内行政理念显得尤为必要.基于国内各地现有环评审批创新改革实践,以国内自贸示范区横琴新区为例,结合横琴新区发展实际情况,审视横琴新区现有环评审批制度存在的问题,分别从审批、监管和服务三个层面上提出了横琴新区环评审批制度的创新策略,为相关地区的环评审批创新改革提供借鉴.     

道路交通噪声预测的研究进展

为评价道路交通噪声影响情况,以美国联邦公路管理局(FHWA)噪声预测模型为主,各国相继开发了基于当地实际情况的道路交通噪声预测模型,中国也以导则和规范等形式相继发布了各种交通噪声预测模型。中国进行噪声环境影响评价中,用得较多的主要有《环境影响评价技术导则声环境》(HJ 2.4—2009)、《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》(JTG B03—2006)推荐的噪声预测模型,此外也有部分评价工作采用了德国的Cadna A软件。通过对比分析,HJ 2.4—2009的衰减及修正因素在综合考虑FH-WA噪声预测模型及JTG B03—2006基础上更加全面,而JTG B03—2006和Cadna A软件在源强和车速确定方面则均较成熟。有必要根据区域道路特点,选择适合特征区域的道路交通噪声预测模型,并结合实际情况对模型参数进行合理修正,最终形成一些可供区域参考的统一的模型修正参数,积极推动中国的声环境评价工作的发展。     

有机碳源葡萄糖对钝顶螺旋藻生长和硝态氮去除效果的影响研究

利用Zarrouk培养基,通过改变葡萄糖的初始加入量,研究钝顶螺旋藻的生长情况及其对硝态氮的去除效果,探讨其在废水处理中的可行性.结果表明,添加葡萄糖碳源能够促进钝顶螺旋藻的生长,影响其叶绿素和粗蛋白含量,当葡萄糖投加量≥1 g/L时,生长对数期提前,藻液OD560在培养4天时达到稳定,叶绿素和粗蛋白含量培养7天后急剧下降.研究结果还表明,添加葡萄糖碳源有助于提高水中硝态氮的去除率,当硝态钠、葡萄糖投加量均为2.5 g/L,培养5天时,氮素去除率最高,达99.96％,但硝态氮浓度过高时会产生单盐毒害作用.     

毛细柱与填充柱气相色谱法分析环境中甲基汞

介绍巯基棉富集－毛细管气相色谱法测定环境水,沉积物和土壤样口中痕量基汞的分析方法,对毛细管柱与填充柱分析样品中甲基汞的精度度,检测限进行了对比。研究表明,填充柱分析甲基汞的检测限为２ｐｇ,而毛细管柱色谱对甲基汞的检测限为０．５ｇｐ。     

纳米铁与微生物联合去除地下水中的NO_3~--N

采用实验模拟装置考察油酸包覆型纳米铁、反硝化细菌及其组合方法处理地下水NO-3-N效果与反应产物的变化特征。结果表明,在模拟地下水溶解氧(0.50 mg/L)、温度(15℃)和黑暗环境中,2 g油酸包覆型纳米铁与70 mg/L NO-3-N反应,11 d后NO-3-N去除率为86.4%,其中74.7%的还原产物为NH+4-N,1.7%为NO-2-N,N2生成量仅占10%;反硝化细菌体系中,反应6 d后NO-3-N去除率为78.6%,此时未检测到NH+4-N,而NO-2-N达到最大值,为60.1%,仅有18.5%的N2生成;在油酸包覆型纳米铁-反硝化细菌耦合体系中,6 d后NO-3-N去除率达到80.3%,其中NH+4-N占17.6%,NO-2-N为30.1%,N2为32.6%。因此,比较3种材料对NO-3-N降解效果及产物得出,在地下水环境中,油酸包覆型纳米铁-反硝化细菌组合方法对地下水NO-3-N的去除效果最好,产物主要是N2,减少了还原产物NH+4-N对地下水造成的二次污染。     

Land Use-Based Landscape Planning and Restoration in Mine Closure Areas

Landscape planning and restoration in mine closure areas is not only an inevitable choice to sustain mining areas but also an important path to maximize landscape resources and to improve ecological function in mine closure areas. The analysis of the present mine development shows that many mines are unavoidably facing closures in China. This paper analyzes the periodic impact of mining activities on landscapes and then proposes planning concepts and principles. According to the landscape characteristics in mine closure areas, this paper classifies available landscape resources in mine closure areas into the landscape for restoration, for limited restoration and for protection, and then summarizes directions for their uses. This paper establishes the framework of spatial control planning and design of landscape elements from “macro control, medium allocation and micro optimization” for the purpose of managing and using this kind of special landscape resources. Finally, this paper applies the theories and methods to a case study in Wu’an from two aspects: the construction of a sustainable land-use pattern on a large scale and the optimized allocation of typical mine landscape resources on a small scale.     

Sorption mechanisms of diphenylarsinic acid on natural magnetite and siderite: Evidence from sorption kinetics,sequential extraction and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy analysis

• DPAA sorption followed pseudo-secondary and intra-particle diffusion models. • Chemical bonding and intra-particle diffusion were dominant rate-limiting steps. • DPAA simultaneously formed inner- and outer-sphere complexes on siderite. • DPAA predominantly formed occluded inner-sphere complexes on magnetite. • Bidentate binuclear bond was identified for DPAA on siderite and magnetite. Diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) is both the prime starting material and major metabolite of chemical weapons (CWs). Because of its toxicity and the widespread distribution of abandoned CWs in burial site, DPAA sorption by natural Fe minerals is of considerable interest. Here we report the first study on DPAA sorption by natural magnetite and siderite using macroscopic sorption kinetics, sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and microscopic extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). Our results show that the sorption pseudo-equilibrated in 60 minutes and that close to 50% and 20%–30% removal can be achieved for magnetite and siderite, respectively, at the initial DPAA concentrations of 4–100 mg/L. DPAA sorption followed pseudo-secondary and intra-particle diffusion kinetics models, and the whole process was mainly governed by intra-particle diffusion and chemical bonding. SEP and EXAFS results revealed that DPAA mainly formed inner-sphere complexes on magnetite (>80%), while on siderite it simultaneously resulted in outer-sphere and inner-sphere complexes. EXAFS analysis further confirmed the formation of inner-sphere bidentate binuclear corner-sharing complexes (²C) for DPAA. Comparison of these results with previous studies suggests that phenyl groups are likely to impact the sorption capacity and structure of DPAA by increasing steric hindrance or affecting the way the central arsenic (As) atom maintains charge balance. These results improve our knowledge of DPAA interactions with Fe minerals, which will help to develop remediation technology and predict the fate of DPAA in soil-water environments.     

北京地区大气中汞污染状况的初步调查

用镀金细砂填充的石英采样管在采暖期的非采暖期于北京地区七个采样点收集空气中的气态汞，用二步汞齐化原子吸收法测定其浓度并与实时分析结果进行比较，两种方法的结果都表明，采暖期北京地区大气中汞的浓度低于非采暖期大气中汞的浓度，对于除燃煤以外汞的来源尚需进一步研究。     

我国部分城市餐厨垃圾处理现状调研及建议分析

本文介绍当前我国几个城市餐厨垃圾处理项目建设及运营情况,并结合城市实际情况对餐厨垃圾处理项目建设及运营提出几点建议.