短泥龄活性污泥系统碳磷污染物去除机制及微生物结构分析

在污泥停留时间（SRT）为3 d的条件下,探究了不同水力停留时间（HRT）条件下（4、6、8、12和16 h）的超短龄活性污泥系统碳、磷去除效果、机制,以及微生物群落结构特征.结果表明,在HRT=8 h及以上时短活性污泥系统才会有稳定的碳、磷去除效果,去除率分别能达到80%和90%以上;去除机理为吸附和生物作用,但COD和磷以吸附的方式去除比例随HRT的延长而减小,分别从47.2%和89.1%降低至35.9%和33.6%.微生物群落结构分析表明,短SRT系统中主要的优势微生物种类与传统活性污泥系统相似,除磷由传统聚磷菌（PAOs）和反硝化聚磷菌（DPAOs）共同完成,相对丰度随着HRT的延长而增加.     

接枝羧基淀粉对贵金属离子吸附性能研究

研究了接枝羧基淀粉（ＩＳＣ）对贵金属离子Ａｇ（Ⅰ）,Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）的静态吸附性能和选择性及介质的ＰＨ对其吸附性能的影响,利用接枝羧基淀粉与Ａｇ（Ⅰ）形成螯合物的红外光谱和Ｘ－射线光电子能谱数据（ＸＰＳ）探讨了其吸附作用机理。     

端烯丙基苯并15-冠-5接枝壳聚糖对金属离子的吸附性能

将３’－端烯丙基苯并１５－冠－５和４’－端烯丙基苯并１５－冠－５接枝到壳糖或交联壳聚糖上,合成了４种新新型的壳聚糖冠醚,并研究了这４种壳聚糖冠醚对Ｐｄ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｈｇ＾２＋的静态吸附性能。结果表明,这４种吸附剂对Ｐｄ＾２＋具有良好的吸附性能,并能在Ｃｕ＾２＋和Ｈｇ＾２＋共存的条件下选择吸附Ｐｄ＾２＋。     

New insights into the formation of ammonium nitrate from a physical and chemical level perspective

● Factor analysis of ammonium nitrate formation based on thermodynamic theory. ● Aerosol liquid water content has important role on the ammonium nitrate formation. ● Contribution of coal combustion and vehicle exhaust is significant in haze periods. High levels of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is linked to poor air quality and premature deaths, so haze pollution deserves the attention of the world. As abundant inorganic components in PM_2.5, ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) formation includes two processes, the diffusion process (molecule of ammonia and nitric acid move from gas phase to liquid phase) and the ionization process (subsequent dissociation to form ions). In this study, we discuss the impact of meteorological factors, emission sources, and gaseous precursors on NH₄NO₃ formation based on thermodynamic theory, and identify the dominant factors during clean periods and haze periods. Results show that aerosol liquid water content has a more significant effect on ammonium nitrate formation regardless of the severity of pollution. The dust source is dominant emission source in clean periods; while a combination of coal combustion and vehicle exhaust sources is more important in haze periods. And the control of ammonia emission is more effective in reducing the formation of ammonium nitrate. The findings of this work inform the design of effective strategies to control particulate matter pollution.     

模拟陈腐垃圾掺烧过程中P/Cl/S对6种重金属迁移特性的影响

通过管式炉焚烧实验,探究了在陈腐垃圾与城市生活垃圾(MSW)掺烧过程中,P/Cl/S对6种重金属(Cd、Zn、Ni、Cu、Cr、Pb)迁移规律的影响,并考察了陈腐垃圾掺混比例、含特征元素的添加剂种类及焚烧温度对6种重金属挥发率的影响.结果 表明,当陈腐垃圾掺烧比例与温度相同时,NaH2PO4和Na2SO4的协同作用对C...     

火炬气回收及排放系统的优化

阐述了洛阳石化总厂火炬气排放及回收系统的优化改造措施，评价了在降低生产成本及环境保护等方面的效果。     

接枝羧基淀粉去除水体中有毒重金属离子的研究

以可溶性淀粉为基体，经环氧氯丙烷交联，制备了交联淀粉。以Ｆｅ＾２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ为引发剂将丙烯腈单体接枝到交联淀粉上，再经过皂化制得水不溶性接枝羧基淀粉聚合物（ＩＳＣ）。通过红外光谱表征结构。用静态法和动态法研究ＩＳＣ去除水体中Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｃｒ２＋等离子的效果及ＰＨ值对去除效果的影响，并对其作用机理进行探讨。     

原煤力学及渗流特性的层理效应研究

为研究层理对原煤力学及渗流特性的影响,通过实验对比分析平行层理煤样和垂直层理煤样在相同瓦斯压力、不同围压下的三轴压裂力学及渗流特性,同时采集压裂过程的声发射数据并进行分析。结果表明:随着围压增大,平行层理煤样的峰值轴向应力平均增幅为34.5%,远小于垂直层理煤样的平均增幅161.21%;围压为1,3,5 MPa时,垂直层理煤样的压裂时间分别是平行层理煤样的0.68,0.19,2.72倍,层理方向对力学特性的影响随着围压增加呈先减小后增大的趋势;围压相同时,平行层理煤样的声发射幅值随时间增加而增大,垂直层理煤样的声发射幅值随时间增加表现出正弦波变化趋势,且平行层理煤样在压裂过程中的声发射高幅值事件比垂直层理煤样的多;平行层理煤样的渗透率远大于垂直层理煤样的渗透率,且围压越大,初始渗透率越低,说明平行层理方向的孔隙度大于垂直层理方向的孔隙度。     

水环境模拟中变异函数的稳健性分析

文章将稳健统计学（RS）引入地质统计学（GS）,对廊坊市地下水现场采样数据中Cl^-运用影响系数法和估计邻域法识别并处理特异值,取得了较好的稳健效果。在此基础上,用Cressie-Hawkins法、中位调节法两种稳健统计学方法系统的对进行特异值处理前后的数据作了处理和分析。结果表明,变量Cl^-离子经ICM法处理特异值后再进行稳健计算方法中以MA法有较大的优势,而且获得稳健变异函数γR（h）及其估计量对于改善变异函数的结构性和理论模型的主要参数有明显效果。因此,稳健地质统计学的方法可以移植到水环境科学中应用,这对加强水环境空间变异性以及稳健变异函数的基础研究有着重要的应用价值和学术价值。     

Effects and mechanisms of meta-sodium silicate amendments on lead uptake and accumulation by rice

The objectives of this research were to study the effects of Na₂SiO₃ application on the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Pb in rice and to investigate the mechanisms of Pb immobilization by Na₂SiO₃ in paddy rice soils and rice plants. Pot experiments were conducted using a Cd-Pb-Zn-polluted soil and Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. Donglian 5. L₃-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to identify Pb species in soils and roots. The results showed that the application of Na₂SiO₃ increased soil pH and available soil Si but decreased DTPA-extractable Pb in the soil. High dose of Na₂SiO₃ (12.5 g/kg) reduced the Pb level in brown rice as it inhibited Pb transfer from soil to rice grains, especially Pb transfer from the root to the stem. The Pb X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopic analysis revealed that application of high dose of Na₂SiO₃ increased Pb-ferrihydrite and PbSiO₃ precipitates in the soil and in the root while it reduced Pb-humic acids (Pb-HAs) in the soil and Pb-pectin in the root. The decrease in Pb availability in the soil can be partly attributed to increase the precipitation of PbSiO₃ and the association of Pb²⁺ with Fe oxides in the soil. The inhibition of the root-to-stem translocation of Pb was partially due to the precipitation of PbSiO₃ on the root surfaces or inside the roots.