黑龙江省大兴安岭地区多年冻土环境的刍议

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区冻结期长,气候恶劣,水雾充沛,仙气浓郁,特殊的温度和湿度造就和孕育了与众不同的土体,即多年冻土.本文论述了该区多年冻土的分布特征并进行了分区论述;扼要地描绘了多年冻土的现象和多年冻土的成因;阐明了多年冻土的冻结作用及危害;分析了多年冻土的退化;最后提出了防治多年冻土的措施.     

长江江苏段岸线资源评价因子的定量分析与综合评价

评价因子的选择与定量获取是长江岸线资源评价的重要内容。以岸线稳定性、岸前水深、岸前水域宽度以及岸线陆域宽度作为评价因子,在GIS支持下,应用叠加分析与格网分析等技术方法,定量评价岸前水深和岸前水域宽度,对其中的技术环节作了详细说明;应用分形理论,对江苏长江段岸线以及可能影响岸线稳定性的岛屿进行了分形分维数计算,并以此为基础,应用多时相的卫星影像以及一些辅助资料来判断局部岸线的稳定性。在对4个单项因子评价单元的基础上,通过GIS叠加分析获取岸线的综合评价单元,应用因子赋分的方法对每一单元岸线进行综合评价。     

黑龙江省松花江流域洪灾生态防治研究

在对黑龙江省松花江流域洪灾和生态环境现状调查基础上，分析了洪灾与生态环境破坏之间的相关因素，证明生态环境遭到破坏可加剧洪灾发生的频率与危害程度，对此提出了保护生态环境的具体措施。     

浅谈油田开发项目事故风险环境影响和防治措施——以大庆太19区油田开发为例

通过对国内外油田开发的类比事故调查及资料分析，结合大庆太19区油田开采的实际情况，事故风险主要来自于钻井（井下作业）天然气集榆管线以及站场等工艺环节，危险其安全的潜在危险因素主要有自然灾害、腐蚀环境、误操作、设备缺陷、施工及人为破坏等问题。在油田开发过程中所发生的事故，不论是人为因素引起的还是自然灾害，其最终结果都是导致原油、天然气或含油污水的泄漏及火灾爆炸事故，并产生不同程度的环境风险，因此采取风险防治措施显得尤为重要。     

水质远程监控通讯安全性问题的探讨——利用现有网络条件确保远程监控通讯安全性的解决方案

针对我国总体水质情况不容乐观的现实 ,提出解决办法之一是对排污口实施大规模远程监控 ,而远程通讯的安全性又是最直接、最核心的问题。文章着重阐述了如何解决在现有网络条件下实时运行的网络运行速度和数据的加解密等具体问题。     

溢油分散剂产品性能的评估

溢油分散剂是处理海上溢油的重要手段之一 ,产品性能直接关系到实际处理效果 ,其毒性也是人们一直关心的问题。中国海事部门规定 ,分散剂产品必须经过形式认可试验 ,才能在港口、码头和船舶上处理溢油。根据溢油分散剂产品性能的检测结果 ,对产品外观、pH值、燃点、运动粘度、乳化率 (30s ,10min)、鱼类急性毒性和可生物降解性等性能指标进行了评估。对加强溢油分散剂的使用、管理和监督检验具有一定的意义。     

煤矿区环境保护与清洁开采技术

煤炭开采在给社会带来经济效益的同时，也导致了矿区的环境污染和生态破坏，如煤炭开采引起地表塌陷，煤炭开采过程中的废弃物、噪声污染和破坏人类生活环境等。为了保护好生态环境，必须采用清洁开采技术，才能保持能源生产、消费和生态之间的平衡。     

A comparison of the rhizosphere-based method with DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods for prediction of bioavailability of metals in soil to barley

A rhizosphere-based method was compared with DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods for the evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in soil to barley. The extractable amounts of Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd analyzed by the rhizosphere-based method correlated significantly with the metal content of barley roots. The extractable metals identified by DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2 and NaNO3 methods exhibited relatively poor or no correlation with the metal content of barley roots. The stepwise multiple regression equation of the rhizosphere-based method was the simplest one, as no soil properties needed to be entered, whereas the equations for the DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2 and NaNO3 extraction methods always require those variables. The most distinct feature of the rhizosphere-based method was that the proposed method was suitable for acidic, neutral and near alkaline soils. In contrast, the other extraction methods were restricted to soil types. In summary, the rhizosphere-based method is the most robust approach for evaluation of bioavailability of metals in soil to barley.     

TiO2光催化剂在污水处理中的应用

在污水处理方面TiO2光催化剂以其独特的氧化活性、光学性能和无机化能力引起了人们极大的关注.对TiO2光催化原理、农药、染料和环境荷尔蒙等有机污染物的分解,提高催化效率的方法以及其实用技术等方面,分别作了综合评述.     

Role of organic acids in enhancing the desorption and uptake of weathered p,p'-DDE by Cucurbita pepo

Experiments were conducted to assess the effect of seven organic acids [succinic, tartaric, malic, malonic, oxalic, citric, ethylene-diaminetetraacetic (EDTA)] over a concentration range of two orders of magnitude (0.001-0.10 M) on the abiotic desorption of weathered p,p'-DDE and the extraction of polyvalent inorganic ions from soil. At 0.05 M all organic acids significantly increased contaminant desorption by 19-80%. Organic acids also increased the aqueous concentration of eight inorganic constituents extracted from soil, with at least a six-fold increase in the release of Al, Fe, Mn, and P at 0.001 M. Zucchini seedlings grown for 28 d in soil containing weathered p,p'-DDE (300 ng/g, dry weight) were periodically amended with distilled water, citric or oxalic acids (0.01 M). Plants receiving water removed 1.7% of the p,p'-DDE from the soil. Seedlings amended with citric or oxalic acids removed 2.1 and 1.9% of the contaminant, respectively, and contained up to 66% more contaminant in the shoot system than unamended vegetation. A second crop of untreated (distilled water) zucchini in the same soil removed more contaminant than the first crop (2.5%), although the addition of organic acids did not further enhance contaminant uptake. The data indicate that the addition of low molecular weight organic acids causes the partial dissolution of the soil structure through the chelation of inorganic structural ions, potentially enhancing bioavailability and having implications for the phytoremediation of persistent organic pollutants in soil.