生态旅游:我们准备好了吗?

近几年来,作为一种新兴的旅游形式,生态旅游在我国可谓方兴未艾,回归大自然逐渐成为一种时尚。“五·一”放长假期间,各地纷纷打出“生态旅游”的招牌吸引游人。但由于一些旅游开发项目缺少科学的规划与管理,也出现旅游开发到哪里,污染与破坏就带到哪里的苗头。生态旅游开发对于自然环境的破坏主要集中在以下几个方面:第一,由于规划开发不当造成的生态系统破坏;第二,游客过度进入超过环境承载力造成破坏;第三,消费者进入以后产生的垃圾污染没有得到很好的回收和管理而造成的破坏。据我国人与生物圈国家委员会的一份调查资料显示:一些自然保…     

剧场舞台机械安全问题探讨

主要论述舞台机械设计、设备制造加工时应考虑的安全问题，关键的注意事项，以及使用不当对安全存在的隐患。     

为热带气候环境设计的一种摩托车头盔

在印度所发生的交通伤亡事故中,大约有20％与两轮摩托车驾驶者有关。因此,两轮摩托车驾驶员的头部保护问题显得非常重要,本文叙述了在德里市所做的关于摩托头盔使用情况的调查报告,并详细介绍了一种更舒适的摩托头盔的设计细节,这份调查报告的结果对于研究与开发接受性更广泛、通风系统更理想、安全性能更好的新型头盔具     

利用甲萘胺生产中的废水回收硫代硫酸钠

利用甲萘胺生产中的废水回收硫代硫酸钠焦凤琴，谷永庄在甲萘胺生产全过程中，每生产１ｔ甲萘胺约排出废水３．７５ｔ，按滑县化工厂年生产４４０ｔ甲萘胺计每年排放１６５０ｔ废水。此废水中含３０％可利用的硫代硫酸钠和二硫化钠。硫代硫酸钠俗称大苏打和海波，是重要的...     

小断面机掘工作面除尘技术的研究

1 前言 随着煤矿机械化程度的提高,高效、大功率掘进机的使用,机械化掘进工作面的粉尘产生量急剧增加。掘进机工作时产生的大量粉尘弥漫整个工作面,粉尘浓度最高可达1～2g/m~3。高浓度的粉尘严重影响矿工的身体健康,威胁矿井安全。我国机掘断面在10m~2以下的较多,采用一些国内外的大型除尘系统,     

劳动防护用品研制中的假人

一 假人是真人不可少或缺的替身 在劳动防护用品研制试验中,假人担负着重要的作用,许多情况下用假人模拟真人进行试验,是真人不可少或缺的替身。 1.试验具有较大的危险性或超出人体耐受极限:如阻燃服的燃烧试验;防辐射服装的辐射试验;保护头盔的碰撞试验等。 2.有些试验须先经假人试验阶段,再逐步过渡到真人试验:如阻燃服经假人的二度烧伤试验,暖体假人的隔热值试验,测得燃烧性能和舒适性能后,再由真人身着服装在     

职业适应性测试评价及应用

前言 随着科技的进步,经济的发展,工业自动化程度越来越高,人机系统越来越复杂,一方面虽然减轻了作业者的体力劳动负荷,但也增加了作业者的心理负荷,另一方面对作业者提出了新的和更高的要求。不同的职业(工种或岗位)具有不同的作业性质和特点,例如,我国“八五”科技攻关项目就将涉及重大危险装置操作的100多个工种划分     

Coping with riverbank erosion hazard and displacement in bangladesh: survival strategies and adjustments

As a deltaic plain, Bangladesh annually experiences riverbank erosion hazard due to sudden and rapid channel shifting, particularly in the major floodplain areas of the country. Consequently, valuable cultivable land is lost; also village settlements, markets and towns are destroyed, displacing tens of thousands of people. This paper examines the magnitude of river channel migration and encroachment on land, and the nature of human adjustment systems in the Brahmaputra–Jamuna floodplain, by investigating aspects of the social and cultural dynamics of resettlement of the displaced people. Some policy measures are recommended to improve the ability of the people in the floodplain to cope with these hazards.     

Design and validation of a practical index for trauma assessment

In the past 20 years a variety of indices have been suggested for measuring the severity of trauma, however none of them meets the requirement of being a simple and objective instrument that can be utilized efficiently by lay persons and providers of health services without previous experience in triaging. A new system has been proposed which meets this requirement and which has been validated with 197 injured persons at the emergency ward of the Valle University Hospital in Call, Colombia. The instrument showed a high level of concordance with the conventional triaging method and classifies victims into four categories: critical with recovery unlikely, critical but recoverable, moderately serious, and ambulatory. There is discussion on the reliability of this instrument and it is recommended that it be validated with victims from larger disasters. Regardless, it has the advantage of being specific and free of the subjectivity that characterizes other indices.     

The role of socio-economic data in food needs assessment and monitoring

This paper reviews six case studies examined as part of a project to review targetting methodologies employed by non-government organisations in Africa during the 1984-6 food crisis. Most agencies have not yet fully evaluated the role of data in informing policy decisions during their respective emergency programmes. The case studies presented reflect a wide variety of approaches to targetting emergency food aid that are based largely on the use of 'socio-economic' data. The recent emergency relief operations in Africa seem to indicate a change in relief agencies' approaches to the assessment and monitoring of needs of the affected populations. Earlier dependance on nutritional data has given way to an increasing reliance on the use of socio-economic indicators. There was a wide variation in the case studies of the type of indicators collected and utilised in needs assessment and monitoring. There were those who relied almost exclusively on nutritional data to target resources during the 1984-86 African crisis, and others whose experiences during that period lead them to attach more weight to socio-economic data. Other agencies appear to have recognised the problems of relying solely on nutritional data to target food aid during their 1984–86 emergency programmes, and thus more or less abandoned classical anthropometric surveys in their needs assessment and monitoring methodologies during this period. Thus nutritional data has a less significant role in the decision making process than previously had been the case.