某市装修居室空气中甲醛污染调查及影响因素研究

调查装修后居室空气中甲醛污染现状并探讨其影响因素。选择73套装修居民住宅为研究对象,11套毛坯房为对照,利用化学分光光度法测定室内空气中甲醛含量。新装修居室空气超标率为61.4%,家具中甲醛平均质量浓度(0.760mg/m3)显著高于空气中质量浓度(0.102 mg/m3);随着装修后时间延长,室内空气中甲醛浓度和超标率不断下降,尤其是3个月后非常明显;在装修完工后1周内,复杂装修空气中甲醛超标率达100%,比简单装修高出近20个百分点;甲醛浓度随室内温度、湿度的升高呈上升趋势。新装修居室甲醛污染相当严重,家具是其主要污染源之一,影响室内甲醛含量的因素主要是装修材料的质量、用量、装修时间和室内温度、湿度,保持良好的通风有利于甲醛扩散,可以有效地减轻居室内甲醛污染程度。     

包装印刷业VOCs污染特征分析

选取了北京市的14家大型包装印刷企业进行现场采样、监测,统计分析了生产工艺和原辅材料,识别了VOCs污染来源和排放节点。根据不同排放节点的特征搭建了相应的采样系统,并以此为基础考察了VOCs的排放特征、臭氧生成潜势和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)生成潜势。结果表明:包装印刷业所排放的VOCs以醇类和酯类为主;乙醇和异丙醇为主要的臭氧前体物,生产线和烘干集气系统排气口为主要的臭氧生成节点;烷烃和醇类为主要的SOA前体物,烘干集气系统排气口为首要的SOA生成节点。     

Integrating functional connectivity and fire management for better conservation outcomes

Globally, the mean abundance of terrestrial animals has fallen by 50% since 1970, and populations face ongoing threats associated with habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and disturbance. Climate change can influence the quality of remaining habitat directly and indirectly by precipitating increases in the extent, frequency, and severity of natural disturbances, such as fire. Species face the combined threats of habitat clearance, changing climates, and altered disturbance regimes, each of which may interact and have cascading impacts on animal populations. Typically, conservation agencies are limited in their capacity to mitigate rates of habitat clearance, habitat fragmentation, or climate change, yet fire management is increasingly used worldwide to reduce wildfire risk and achieve conservation outcomes. A popular approach to ecological fire management involves the creation of fire mosaics to promote animal diversity. However, this strategy has 2 fundamental limitations: the effect of fire on animal movement within or among habitat patches is not considered and the implications of the current fire regime for long-term population persistence are overlooked. Spatial and temporal patterns in fire history can influence animal movement, which is essential to the survival of individual animals, maintenance of genetic diversity, and persistence of populations, species, and ecosystems. We argue that there is rich potential for fire managers to manipulate animal movement patterns; enhance functional connectivity, gene flow, and genetic diversity; and increase the capacity of populations to persist under shifting environmental conditions. Recent methodological advances, such as spatiotemporal connectivity modeling, spatially explicit individual-based simulation, and fire-regime modeling can be integrated to achieve better outcomes for biodiversity in human-modified, fire-prone landscapes. Article impact statement: Land managers may conserve populations by using fire to sustain or enhance functional connectivity.     

Organic contamination of Italian and Tunisian culinary herbs and spices

Contaminants belonging to various classes, as polychlorobiphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorous pesticides, pyrethroid insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, synergists, carbamates, acaricides and insect growth regulators were simultaneously analysed by GC-MS/MS in 118 Italian and Tunisian culinary herbs and spices. The results obtained in Italian samples shown that laurel samples were the most contaminated with the presence of 15 residues on 140, whereas in rosemary (max value of 35?ng/g for cis-chlorfenyvinphos) and oregano (max value of 118.16?ng/g for ethion) some occasional residues can be observed, but always lower than the maximum residue levels; all the others samples shown no contamination. Among Tunisian samples, only rosemary contains a notably high content of pollutants exceeded the EU maximum residue limits (i.e., alachlor and phosalone with level of 359.2 and 43.3?ng/g, respectively), while oregano was determined to be free of contaminant residues. Considering the comparison among the different organic pollutants in Italian and Tunisian spices and herbs evaluated and the differences observed in this study a harmonization of regulation on contaminant residues in herbs and spices for human consumption should be needed, considering their increased use in diet and cooking.     

云南省臭氧污染特征及气象影响分析

为研究云南省臭氧(O₃)污染特征及其与气象因子的关系,基于统计学方法及ArcGIS空间差异分析、线性趋势分析、空间离散系数等方法,对全省16个市(州)2015—2017年33个环境监测站点的监测数据进行了研究。结果表明:研究期间,O₃逐渐取代其他大气常规污染物成为首要污染物,其浓度变化范围为19～138 μg/m³。云南省各市(州)O₃浓度年变化呈现周期性,月度峰值集中出现在春季(3—5月)；日变化呈单峰形,峰值集中在14:00—17:00。O₃浓度的空间格局由纵向集聚为主转变为横向集聚为主,各集聚区交错分布,低值区由西北部转移到西南部；O₃浓度增长率为正的区域集中于东北部和中部,面积约为20.81万km²,占全省总面积的54.29%,其余半环状区域增长率为负。迪庆州O₃污染情况与其他市(州)明显不同,且受其他市(州)传输的影响较小。气象因子对O₃浓度的影响随时间和地域条件的变化而变化,对典型市(州)(迪庆州、丽江市、昭通市)O₃浓度影响最大的为偏南风,影响的浓度区间为20～160 μg/m³。     

Human influence over 150 years of coastal evolution in the Volturno delta system (southern Italy)

This paper focused on the past shoreline change rates along the coastal plain of the Volturno River, in southern Italy, western Mediterranean. A wide database comprising historical maps, aerial photographs, topographic sheets, bathymetric data was used to extract the spatial and temporal information of the coastlines at seven time points. Coastline displacement was calculated for two successive time points and relative surface variation (accretion and erosion) was estimated as well as minimum and maximum accretion/erosion linear values and rates. The surface variation analysis has revealed that the studied coast can be considered homogeneous since the 1970s, whereas it exhibits a variety of shoreline evolutionary trends after that time period. Timing and causes of trends and rates of variation were detected. Based on the estimated shoreline change rates, an appropriate morhodynamic one-line model was applied to predict evolutionary scenarios also in presence of port and defence works. The results obtained strongly emphasize that a successful coastal management requires a constant monitoring of the human-induced changes to account for the variability of rates over time.     

人工湿地耦合微生物燃料电池净化水质研究

构建以狐尾草、狐尾草+香蒲、狐尾草+香蒲+芦苇为湿地植物的人工湿地(CW)耦合微生物燃料电池(MFC-CW)系统,对比分析CW和MFC-CW系统对受污染水体中COD、氨氮和TP的去除效果。结果表明:(1)MFC-CW系统对底部出水中污染物处理效果均优于CW;(2)高水位MFC-CW系统产生95～210mV电压,低水位最大功率密度557.2mW/m2,能有效回收污水中资源,进而产生清洁的能源——电能;(3)微生物产电对污水中有机物的去除有正向促进作用。     

基于航空器高度保持性能的风险碰撞模型优化*

为提高Reich风险碰撞模型在“缩小垂直间隔”(Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum，RVSM)标准实施后的适用性。基于同一机型航空器的测高系统误差（Altimetry System Error，ASE）数据在超高空各高度层中并不服从相同分布且具有显著的统计学差异，针对现有的Reich模型对同一机型仍使用整个航空空域的ASE数值进行经验分布拟合的现状，对模型中ASE混合累积经验分布参数部分进行改进，添加高度层相关的参数，使原有仅根据机型进行累积的ASE经验分布细化为根据机型和高度层2部分进行累积。结果表明:改进后模型可准确体现ASE数据在不同高度层的差异性；采用改进的风险模型进行仿真计算，得到更加精确的结果；验证改进后模型的合理性和其在应用中的有效性。     

Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of PFOS and PFOA in cultured Trachinotus ovatus in China

In this study, investigation was conducted into concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in Chinese farmed Trachinotus ovatus between 2014 and 2015 using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) and ultra fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method. The tissue distribution (muscle, skin, liver, kidney and gill) in Trachinotus ovatus was also assessed. The detection frequencies of PFOS and PFOA in fish were 92% and 3%, respectively, and the mean concentrations were 0.392 and 0.015 μg/kg wet weight. The analysis of PFOS distribution in different tissues in Trachinotus ovatus showed the following trend: skin> gill> kidney> liver> flesh. Results revealeded farmed Trachinotus ovatus in China to generally be contaminated with PFOS. Moreover, the average daily intake for Chinese urban residents calculated on the basis of pollution content was 0.268 ng/kg body weight/d (PFOS) and 0.014 ng/kg body weight /d (PFOA), respectively. Both hazard ratio values were less than 1, indicating that exposure levels of PFOS and PFOA through Trachinotus ovatus consumption may not lead to adverse health effects in the Chinese population.     

Raw sugarcane bagasse as carbon source for xylanase production by Paenibacillus species: a potential degrader of agricultural wastes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Paenibacillus species isolated from a variety of natural sources have shown to be important glycoside hydrolases producers. These enzymes play a key...