Risk assessment and interpretation of heavy metal contaminated soils on an urban brownfield site in New York metropolitan area

In this study, soil samples were collected at 22 sites in Liberty State Park, New Jersey, in 2005, for metal enrichment and potential ecological risk assessment. The geoaccumulation index (I _geo) showed that enrichment levels of trace metals followed an order of Cu > Pb > Zn > As > Cr > Hg while the potential ecological risk factor (\( {E}_r^i \)) indicated that the potential ecological risk of the metals was in the order of Cu > Pb > As > Hg > Zn > Cr. Among these 22 sites, this investigation identified 9 sites at moderate ecological risk, 3 sites at considerable ecological risk, and 4 sites at high ecological risk according to the potential ecological risk index (RI). Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) of soil metal concentrations separated the study sites into four groups, which are supported by the significant difference in RI values. Geographically, three regions in the Liberty State Park brownfield site were determined based on the CA results and RI values. Subarea 1 had low ecological risk while subareas 2 and 3 had a greater potential for ecological risk. Significant correlations of Pb with Cr and Zn were observed in subareas 2 and 3, respectively. This study shows that statistical approaches coupled with a risk assessment index provide a more comprehensive interpretation of land contamination than a single approach in support of planning land redevelopment.     

A multi-objective location-allocation optimization for sustainable management of municipal solid waste

The location problem of treatment and service facilities in municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is of significant importance due to the socioeconomic and environmental concerns. The consideration of waste treatment costs, environmental impact, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, social fairness as well as other relevant aspects should be simultaneously taken into account when a MSW management system is planned. Development of sophisticated decision support tools for planning MSW management system in an economic-efficient and environmental friendly manner is therefore important. In this paper, a general multi-objective location-allocation model for optimally managing the interactions among those conflicting factors in MSW management system is proposed. The model is comprised of a three-stage conceptual framework and a mixed integer mathematical programming. The inclusion of environmental impact and GHG emission objectives push the output of the model tightening toward more environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions in MSW management. The application of this model is demonstrated through an illustrative example, and the computational efficiency of the programming is also tested through a set of incremental parameters. Latter in this paper, a comparison with previous case studies of MSW system design is presented in order to show the applicability and adaptability of the generic model in practical decision-making process, and the perspectives of future study are also discussed.     

A^2/O-MBR组合工艺运行优化与氮磷深度控制的分析

为了遏制水环境不断恶化的趋势,应加强对氮、磷超标的治理工作,促进水生态环境平衡发展。本文采用A^2/O-MBR作为主体工艺,后续辅以化学除磷和以深床滤池为反硝化单元的组合工艺,确保最终出水满足天津市《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(DB12/599-2015)A标准排放要求。     

突发环境污染事故应急预案编制中应急池计算的几个问题探讨

企业突发环境污染事故应急预案的制定中应急池容量计算尤为重要。本文应急预案编制中的事故应急池容量符合性分析计算的几个问题供大家探讨。     

Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and metal-contaminated soil by successive methyl-β-cyclodextrin-enhanced soil washing–microbial augmentation: a laboratory evaluation

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and metal-polluted sites caused by abandoned coking plants are receiving wide attention. To address the associated environmental concerns, innovative remediation technologies are urgently needed. This study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of a cleanup strategy that employed an initial phase, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) solution to enhance ex situ soil washing for extracting PAHs and metals simultaneously, followed by the addition of PAH-degrading bacteria (Paracoccus sp. strain HPD-2) and supplemental nutrients to treat the residual soil-bound PAHs. Elevated temperature (50 °C) in combination with ultrasonication (35 kHz, 30 min) at 100 g MCD L^?1 was effective in extracting PAHs and metals to assist soil washing; 93 % of total PAHs, 72 % of Cd, 78 % of Ni, 93 % of Zn, 84 % of Cr, and 68 % of Pb were removed from soil after three successive washing cycles. Treating the residual soil-bound PAHs for 20 weeks led to maximum biodegradation rates of 34, 45, 36, and 32 % of the remaining total PAHs, 3-ring PAHs, 4-ring PAHs, and 5(+6)-ring PAHs after washing procedure, respectively. Based on BIOLOG Ecoplate assay, the combined treatment at least partially restored microbiological functions in the contaminated soil. The ex situ cleanup strategy through MCD-enhanced soil washing followed by microbial augmentation can be effective in remediating PAH and metal-contaminated soil.     

Adsorption of microcystin-LR from water with iron oxide nanoparticles

Adsorption of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from water using iron oxide (alpha-Fe2O3) nanoparticles was investigated in this study. Adsorption of MC-LR adsorption was well-described by a pseudo second order kinetics model and Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations at 15 to 35 degrees C. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the Gibbs free energy was negative, whereas standard enthalpy and entropy changes were positive at this temperature range. These findings suggest that the adsorption of MC-LR on iron oxide nanoparticles was spontaneous and endothermic. The effects of initial pH, inorganic cations, and competing compounds with carboxyl groups on absorption of MC-LR were also evaluated. Typically, adsorption efficiency decreased with increasing pH from 2 to 11. Sodium ions did not appear to significantly affect MC-LR adsorption, whereas calcium ions slightly enhanced the MC-LR adsorption capacity of the iron oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, the inhibiting effect of competing organic compounds was increased with increasing numbers of carboxyl groups, as follows: citric acid (3)>oxalic acid (2)>benzoic acid (1).     

响应面法优化聚磷硫酸铁的制备及其应用

采用单因素实验方法,针对制备聚磷硫酸铁(PPFS)的主要影响因素加以分析,包括酸度(nH2SO4/nFe2+、碱化度和nPO34-/nFe2+等。以生活污水中总磷(TP)的去除率为考察对象,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析方法对主要影响因素加以优化,得到了二次响应曲面模型以及优化的水平值。结果表明,当把PPFS用于生活污水中TP的去除时,其最佳制备参数如下所列:酸度为0.1017,碱化度为12.21%,nPO34-/nFe2+为0.0560。通过回归分析,模型拟合性良好,在优化制备条件下得到的TP去除率预测值与实验值接近,误差为1.26%。     

公路交通噪声预测模型FHWA与RLS90的比较

为了了解我国长期以来使用的两种公路交通噪声预测模型,即美国联邦公路局(FHWA)模型和德国RLS90模型的预测精确性,通过理论分析,比较了RLS90分段模型、RLS90长直线模型、FHWA模型的差异,并通过实际测量值对3种模型的计算结果进行了验证,表明RLS90模型在高速公路交通噪声预测中略优于FHWA模型。     

添加晶种对沼气发酵液磷回收的影响研究

以畜禽养殖废水经厌氧消化处理后的沼气发酵液为研究对象,采用曝气吹脱调节pH的处理方式。晶种采用海泡石粉、沸石粉和凹凸棒石粉3种天然矿物材料。考察了不同pH条件、晶种添加量和不同初始磷负荷对磷回收的影响,并利用扫描电镜-能谱分析仪(SEM-EDX)对产物进行了表征分析。结果表明:3种晶种材料中,凹凸棒石粉对磷回收的促进效果最好。在pH从7.5到8.5之间海泡石粉、沸石粉和凹凸棒石粉均可将Rp(t)提高10%以上,8.5到9.5之间,添加海泡石粉和沸石粉对Rp(t)的提升幅度降低,添加凹凸棒石粉可以达到14%左右的提升幅度。海泡石粉和沸石粉添加量增大后Rp(t)有小幅的提升,但变化不规律,凹凸棒石粉的最佳添加量为0.92 g/L。初始PO43--P为90 mg/L时凹凸棒石粉对磷回收有最好的促进效果。添加凹凸棒石粉的产物在SEM图片上可看到明显有晶体覆盖,EDX图上出现了明显的强度较大的P组分峰,从微观的角度证实了添加凹凸棒石粉的促进作用。     

生物与化学表面活性剂协同洗脱土壤中PCBs的研究

通过序批实验和土柱淋洗实验研究了由生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂(RL)与非离子化学表面活性剂十二烷基醇聚氧乙烯(6)醚(POE(6))混合得到的复配试剂洗脱污染土壤中多氯联苯(PCBs)的作用效果及其作用机理。结果表明,同一土样中,从批实验得到的PCBs洗脱率略高于土柱淋洗实验。RL与POE(6)两种单一试剂对人工污染土样中的PCBs洗脱率均大于60%,而对陈化土样中的洗脱率均不到20%,且土壤中的TOC含量越高,PCBs的洗脱率越低。在质量浓度为301 mg/L(10 CMC)及1 505 mg/L(50 CMC)的RL-POE(6)复配试剂中,RL与POE(6)对人工污染土壤中PCBs的洗脱具有一定的协同作用。当复配试剂的浓度为301 mg/L时,RL与POE(6)对陈化土样中PCBs的洗脱没有协同作用;但当RL-POE(6)的浓度增加到1 505 mg/L时,RL与POE(6)对陈化土样中PCBs的洗脱具有明显的协同作用。