FeSO4/Ac脱硫剂脱硫性能的研究

为寻找经济适用且具有较高效率的烟气脱硫方法．研制了FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂。并对FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂的脱硫性能进行了实验研究。实验研究结果显示,烟气中O2、水蒸气含量的多少及脱硫温度的高低会影响FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂的脱硫性能。实验证明,当n(O2):n(SO2)=7～10、n(H2O)：n(SO2)=3～5、脱硫温度取120℃时,FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂具有良好的脱硫性能,脱硫效率可达92．1％～96．8％。FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂能够再生重复使用。采用水蒸气加热再生法对FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂进行再生,实验结果显示,经4次加热法再生的FeSO4／Ac脱硫剂的脱硫效率仍能达到91％。     

散射光下铁(Ⅲ)-丙酮酸盐配合物还原铬(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了在散射光下铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物对铬（Ⅵ）的光还原反应;考察了溶液pH、铁（Ⅲ）、丙酮酸钠、铬（Ⅵ）浓度对反应的影响;分析了铬（Ⅵ）光还原反应的动力学。实验结果表明：铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物体系能在较弱的散射光下还原铬（Ⅵ）。在铬（Ⅵ）浓度为19．2μmol／L、铁（Ⅲ）浓度为10．0μmol／L、丙酮酸钠浓度为240μmol／L、pH为3．0、光照240min的条件下,铬（Ⅵ）的还原率达到99．7％。从表观动力学方程的反应级数看,铁（Ⅲ）的级数（0．83）最高,铁（Ⅲ）浓度是影响铬（Ⅵ）光还原反廊速率的主要因素．铁（Ⅱ）是铬（Ⅵ）光还原的主要还原剂。     

电催化氧化法处理阴离子表面活性剂废水

采用自制电化学反应器对阴离了表面活性剂废水的电催化氧化处理进行了研究,考察了阳极材料、电解电压、电解时间、电极间距离、废水pH、废水电导率等对阴离子表面活性剂电解去除效果的影响,确定了最佳的处理条件。在电解电压为8V、电解时间为30～40min、电极间距离为2cm、废水pH为8～10、废水电导率为0．620ms／cm的条件下,阴离子表面活性剂的电解处理去除率可达96％以上。     

净水工艺对饮用水生物稳定性控制的研究

利用现场中试装置,系统比较了预处理单元、常规处理单元及深度处理单元中可生物降解有机物BDOC和AOC的生成和去除特性.结果表明:常规工艺+活性炭过滤对CODMn的去除率仅能达到30%,无法有效保证出水水质要求,而常规工艺+臭氧活性炭可以很好地满足水质标准,去除率可达50%以上.以控制生物稳定性为目的时,氧化剂的投加会增加AOC和BDOC浓度,降低生物稳定性.不投加氧化剂,直接采用常规工艺+普通活性炭过滤可将出水AOC含量控制在50μg/L以下.但要实现对COD_Mn和生物稳定性的同时控制,常规工艺+臭氧+生物活性炭的工艺组合是本研究中的最佳工艺组合.     

几种常见氧化剂对水中摇蚊幼虫氧化杀灭效能的试验研究

进行了几种水处理氧化剂———氯气、二氧化氯、臭氧对水体中摇蚊幼虫灭活效果的试验研究,并对原水中摇蚊幼虫经二氧化氯预氧化、混凝沉淀后的灭活效果进行了考察.结果表明,二氧化氯对摇蚊幼虫的灭活效果受水体pH值、有机物含量和藻类含量影响较小,与其它2种氧化剂相比,二氧化氯对原水中摇蚊幼虫具有更好的灭活作用;混凝烧杯实验证实,原水中的摇蚊幼虫经混凝沉淀后,与矾花沉降,不会对沉后的水产生影响;并且二氧化氯投加量1.0mg·L-1时,摇蚊幼虫在24h内死亡,投加量2.0mg·L-1时,死亡时间为6h;采用预投二氧化氯的水处理工艺可以起到控制摇蚊幼虫在沉淀池中孳生的作用.     

地下弹药库爆炸产生的地面空气冲击波的估算与数据值模拟

对某地下弹药库爆炸冲击波传播过程进行了较详细的分析和数值模拟,得到了弹药爆炸时地面空气冲击波的等效经验计算公式。两种方法得到的不同距离的冲击波超压值基本一致。     

碎屑沉积物地球化学:物源属性、构造环境和影响因素

碎屑沉积物记录着有关源岩性质和构造演化等诸多重要的信息,对于沉积盆地分析和理解区域构造演化都有重要的指示意义。近年来碎屑沉积物地球化学的研究有了很大进展,尤其是同位素年代学在沉积物地球化学中的应用,如造山带前陆盆地、山间盆地沉积物的同位素年代学的研究可以有效地反演造山带隆升-剥蚀作用与盆地沉降之间的联系,为地壳演化和造山带隆升等地质过程提供了重要的地球化学证据。文章结合近几年来的研究实例,综述了沉积物地球化学方法在物源示踪和源区构造背景判别研究的一些进展。考虑到碎屑沉积物地球化学组成是源岩、风化作用、沉积循环、成岩作用和分选作用等综合作用的结果,我们对其中的主要影响因素进行了分析,指出了当前广泛应用的物源和构造背景判别图解需要注意的一些问题。     

含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆燃的抑制影响实验研究

为了揭示含磷酸盐(KH₂PO₄,NH₄H₂PO₄,Ca(H₂PO₄)₂)对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸的抑制作用,通过哈特曼管实验装置和20 L球形爆炸罐,研究含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰和压力传播特性的抑制效果。采用高速摄影方法记录含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰传播的影响;采用20 L球形爆炸罐,收集压力传感器数据,分析含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸压力的影响;采用同步热分析仪研究聚乙烯粉尘和含磷酸盐的热解行为。研究结果表明：含磷酸盐对聚乙烯粉尘爆炸火焰传播特性参数和爆炸压力特性参数均有显著的影响,通过对比得到NH₄H₂PO₄抑制效果相对最好。研究结果可为含磷酸盐在抑爆剂工程应用提供理论基础。     

Eco-Environmental Degradation in the Source Region of the Yellow River, Northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and the cradle of the Chinese civilization. The source region of the Yellow River is the most important water holding area for the Yellow River, about 49.2% of the whole runoff comes from this region. However, for the special location, it is a region with most fragile eco-environment in China as well. Eco-environmental degradation in the source region of the Yellow River has been a very serious ecological and socially economic problem. According to census data, historical documents and climatic information, during the last half century, especially the last 30 years, great changes have taken place in the eco-environment of this region. Such changes are mainly manifested in the temporal-spatial changes of water environment, deglaciation, permafrost reduction, vegetation degeneracy and desertification extent, which led to land capacity decreasing and river disconnecting. At present, desertification of the region is showing an accelerating tendency. This paper analyzes the present status of eco-environment degradation in this region supported by GIS and RS, as well as field investigation and indoor analysis, based on knowledge, multi-source data is gathered and the classification is worked out, deals with their natural and anthropogenic causes, and points out that in the last half century the desertification and environmental degradation of this region are mainly attributed to human activities under the background of regional climate changes. To halt further degradation of the environment of this region, great efforts should be made to use land resources rationally, develop advantages animal agriculture and protect the natural grassland.     

Comparison of Nitrate Levels in Raw Water and Finished Water from Historical Monitoring Data on Iowa Municipal Drinking Water Supplies

Nitrate contamination of water sources is a concern where large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers are regularly applied to soils. Ingested nitrate from dietary sources and drinking water can be converted to nitrite and ultimately to N-nitroso compounds, many of which are known carcinogens. Epidemiologic studies of drinking water nitrate and cancer report mixed findings; a criticism is the use of nitrate concentrations from retrospective drinking water data to assign exposure levels. Residential point-of-use nitrate data are scarce; gaps in historical data for municipal supply finished water hamper exposure classification efforts. We used generalized linear regression models to estimate and compare historical raw water and finished water nitrate levels (1960s--1990s) in single source Iowa municipal supplies to determine whether raw water monitoring data could supplement finished water data to improve exposure assessment. Comparison of raw water and finished water samples (same sampling date) showed a significant difference in nitrate levels in municipalities using rivers; municipalities using other surface water or alluvial groundwater had no difference in nitrate levels. A regional aggregation of alluvial groundwater municipalities was constructed based on results from a previous study showing regional differences in nitrate contamination of private wells; results from this analysis were mixed, dependent upon region and decade. These analyses demonstrate using historical raw water nitrate monitoring data to supplement finished water data for exposure assessment is appropriate for individual Iowa municipal supplies using alluvial groundwater, lakes or reservoirs. Using alluvial raw water data on a regional basis is dependent on region and decade.