全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2980篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 33篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 59篇 |
废物处理 | 143篇 |
环保管理 | 302篇 |
综合类 | 419篇 |
基础理论 | 1122篇 |
污染及防治 | 595篇 |
评价与监测 | 194篇 |
社会与环境 | 181篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 114篇 |
2017年 | 118篇 |
2016年 | 189篇 |
2015年 | 55篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 430篇 |
2011年 | 220篇 |
2010年 | 29篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 52篇 |
2007年 | 70篇 |
2006年 | 78篇 |
2005年 | 402篇 |
2004年 | 528篇 |
2003年 | 409篇 |
2002年 | 48篇 |
2001年 | 42篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3017条查询结果,搜索用时 453 毫秒
121.
It is becoming increasingly clear that mate preferences are not static, but can vary as a function of ecological conditions and the state of the choosing individual. This applies not only to females, the sex that has usually been the subject in research on mate preferences, but also to males. Under certain conditions, males should be selective in their choice of breeding partner. In the two-spotted goby, Gobiusculus flavescens, a small marine fish, breeding females develop conspicuous yellow-orange bellies, which they actively display to males during courtship. We have recently shown that males prefer more colourful females as mates. In this study, we test if the size of a male affects his preference for colourful females. Using three-compartment mate-choice aquaria, we recorded the interest shown by a male in two females differing in coloration but similar in size. Large and small males were equally eager to court females, but only large males showed a greater interest in the more colourful females. We suggest that small males are unselective because they usually obtain few mating opportunities, as a result of being unsuccessful in mate attraction or male contest competition. This study provides the first demonstration that the size of a male affects his preference for female colour. 相似文献
122.
Behavioural responses of Diana monkeys to male long-distance calls: changes in ranging,association patterns and activity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Susanne?ShultzEmail author Charlotte?Faurie Ronald?No? 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,53(4):238-245
Although much is known about the relationship between vigilance, group size and predation risk, behavioural responses to predation risk and their resultant costs are less clear. We investigated the response of Diana monkeys to increased predation risk by looking at behavioural changes associated with male long-distance calls, which are reliably given to certain predators. After male long-distance calls, group spread and nearest-neighbour distance decreased whilst travel and association rates for the group increased. The average height and exposure level of individuals in the group did not change after calls. Individual Diana monkeys changed their behaviour and were more likely to be vigilant or travel and less likely to engage in social or resting behaviours after long-distance calls. In addition, movement rates increased with the number of species the Diana monkeys were associated with. Diana monkey long-distance calls facilitate the joining of groups of other species. Black and white colobus and lesser spot-nosed monkeys were more likely to be in an association following a long-distance call than before. Behavioural responses, such as increased travel or association rates, that reduce foraging efficiency are interpreted as evidence of a non-lethal impact of increased predation risk. 相似文献
123.
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate induction ofvitellogenin in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as abiomarker for monitoring freshwater ecosystems. Sexually undifferentiated specimens of common carp were treated experimentally with 17-estradiol and increasing doses of 4-nonylphenol and levels of plasma Vtg were measured in orderto: 1) validate an ELISA assay for plasma Vtg in the common carpusing the polyclonal rabbit anti-salmon Vtg antibody AA1 (Biosense, Norway); 2) check the sensitivity of carp juvenilesin producing Vtg in response to estrogen stimulation. The grouptreated with 17-estradiol showed high induction (156%)with respect to controls, also groups treated with 4-nonylphenolshowed induction of Vtg. The group treated with 100 mg kg-1b.wt showed an induction of 61%. A statistically significantcorrelation was found between dose and response. This preliminary study demonstrate a response to the ELISA assay for Vtg in the common carp using rabbit anti-salmon antibody AA1. With further evidence the tested biomarker might be proposed for large scale monitoring of estrogenic effects caused by pollution in urban and industrial effluents. 相似文献
124.
125.
Willard D Proll G Reder S Gauglitz G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(3):188-191
This article is a review of new and versatile optical-immunoassay instrumentation for water monitoring developed through two European Union projects, RIver ANAlyser (RIANA) and Automated Water Analyser Computer Supported System (AWACSS). Both projects utilise immunoassay techniques to isolate the analytes and Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) to quantify them. Completed in 1999, the RIANA project developed a sensitive and cost-effective analytical system capable of simultaneous detection of multiple-analytes in real-world water samples. The AWACSS project has been in progress since 2001 and is developing rugged-but-sensitive instrumentation that will detect up to 30 analytes simultaneously, will operate unattended, and will have networking capability. 相似文献
126.
Jaser W Severin GF Jütting U Jüttner I Schramm KW Kettrup A 《Environment international》2003,28(7):633-638
Single-species tests allow the assessment of chronical effects of endocrine disruptors on organisms under laboratory conditions. In the current study, three-generation tests with Ceriodaphnia reticulata and Sida crystallina were carried out to examine the influence of the synthetic hormone 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE) on the reproduction of these cladoceran species. For each species, six different concentrations (10-500 microg/l EE) and two controls were tested with eight replicates for a duration of 4 weeks. The test was initiated by transferring one neonate individual into a test vessel which was incubated under standardized conditions. Every 2 days, the medium was renewed and life history parameters such as survivorship of the adults and juveniles, clutch size, first appearance and number of produced offspring were investigated. Acute toxicity tests showed that C. reticulata (EC50 (24 h) 1814 microg/l) was more sensitive towards the substance compared to S. crystallina (EC50 (24 h) >4100 microg/l). The juvenile phase of S. crystallina was significantly shorter at concentrations above 100 microg/l EE. For C. reticulata, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol caused a higher mortality of the newly hatched juveniles at EE concentrations above 200 microg/l. No effects were found for mortality of adult animals, birth rate, number of juveniles per female and net reproduction rate of S. crystallina and C. reticulata. Thus, sublethal effects on parental generation exposed to EE lead to disturbances in reproduction and to affection of their offspring. Negative consequences for the population dynamic cannot be excluded, e.g. the decrease of a population. 相似文献
127.
Summary. Detection of heterospecific predators and prey
via chemical cues is well known, but only a few studies have
examined the potential for such discrimination in cannibalistic
systems. In newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, adults are
opportunistic predators of conspecific larvae. I used a laboratory
bioassay to determine whether larvae and adults distinguish
between chemical stimuli from members of the
different age classes. Larvae distinguished between chemical
stimuli from larvae and adults by decreasing their activity
only following exposure to stimuli from adults. Decreased
activity is consistent with an antipredator response in many
prey species, including larval newts. In contrast, adults
increased their activity and increased time spent in open
areas in response to stimuli from larvae, but not to stimuli
from adults. Increased activity is consistent with a feeding
response; adults also showed increased activity and
increased time in open areas in response to chemical stimuli
from familiar heterospecific prey (brine shrimp). The proximate
cue that allowed the newts to distinguish between the
different age classes is not associated with short-term
dietary differences because all stimulus animals were fed the
same prey. Stimulus strength was controlled by diluting the
stimulus solutions according to the volume of the stimulus
animal. Therefore, there appear to be intrinsic differences in
the chemical signatures of larval and adult newts. 相似文献
128.
129.
Environmental and economic assessment methods for waste management decision-support: possibilities and limitations. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G?ran Finnveden Anna Bj?rklund Asa Moberg Tomas Ekvall 《Waste management & research》2007,25(3):263-269
A large number of methods and approaches that can be used for supporting waste management decisions at different levels in society have been developed. In this paper an overview of methods is provided and preliminary guidelines for the choice of methods are presented. The methods introduced include: Environmental Impact Assessment, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cost-effectiveness Analysis, Life-cycle Costing, Risk Assessment, Material Flow Accounting, Substance Flow Analysis, Energy Analysis, Exergy Analysis, Entropy Analysis, Environmental Management Systems, and Environmental Auditing. The characteristics used are the types of impacts included, the objects under study and whether the method is procedural or analytical. The different methods can be described as systems analysis methods. Waste management systems thinking is receiving increasing attention. This is, for example, evidenced by the suggested thematic strategy on waste by the European Commission where life-cycle analysis and life-cycle thinking get prominent positions. Indeed, life-cycle analyses have been shown to provide policy-relevant and consistent results. However, it is also clear that the studies will always be open to criticism since they are simplifications of reality and include uncertainties. This is something all systems analysis methods have in common. Assumptions can be challenged and it may be difficult to generalize from case studies to policies. This suggests that if decisions are going to be made, they are likely to be made on a less than perfect basis. 相似文献
130.