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91.
M. E. Alvarez Piñeiro M. A. Lage Yusty J. Simal Lozano S. T. Carril Gonzalez‐Barros 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-4):31-36
PCB and PCT residues were measured in free‐living (FM) and cultivated mussels (CM) from ten sites in Galicia by gas chromatography with electron capture detector and capillary column. The level of PCB1260 and PCT5460 in FMs increases going from Muros‐Noya to Vigo estuarine bay. There was a trend of increase from north to south. 相似文献
92.
Compositional analysis of topsoil metals and its associations with cancer mortality using spatial misaligned data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gonzalo López-Abente Juan Locutura-Rupérez Pablo Fernández-Navarro Iván Martín-Méndez Alejandro Bel-Lan Olivier Núñez 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(1):283-294
The presence of toxic metals in soil per se, and in soil impacted by mining, industry, agriculture and urbanisation in particular, is a major concern for both human health and ecotoxicology. The dual aim of this study was: to ascertain whether topsoil composition could influence the spatial distribution of mortality due to different types of cancer and to identify possible errors committed by epidemiological studies which analyse soil composition data as a closed number system. We conducted an ecological cancer mortality study, covering 861,440 cancer deaths (27 cancer sites) in 7917 Spanish mainland towns, from 1999 to 2008. Topsoil levels of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined by ICP-MS at 13,317 sampling points. We transformed the topsoil data in two ways, i.e. log transformation and centred logratio transformation. Principal factor analysis was performed to obtain independent latent factors for the transformed variables. To estimate the effect on mortality of topsoil factor loadings, we fitted Besag, York and Mollié models embedded in geostatistical-spatial models. This model included soil sample locations and town centroids (non-aligned data), fitted using the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) as a tool for Bayesian inference and stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE). All results were adjusted for socio-demographic variables. The results indicated that soil composition could have an influence on the spatial distribution and mortality patterns of cancer. The analysis adjusted for socio-demographic variables showed excess male mortality due to digestive system tumours in areas with soils containing higher Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations, bladder cancer in areas with soils containing higher Cd concentrations, and brain cancer in areas with soils containing As. In both sexes, cancer of oesophagus was associated with soils containing a higher lead content, while lung cancer was associated with soils containing a higher copper content. Stress should be laid on the importance of taking into account the compositional nature of the data in this type of analysis. 相似文献
93.
The effect of fire on soil organic matter--a review 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
González-Pérez JA González-Vila FJ Almendros G Knicker H 《Environment international》2004,30(6):855-870
The extent of the soil organic carbon pool doubles that present in the atmosphere and is about two to three times greater than that accumulated in living organisms in all Earth's terrestrial ecosystems. In such a scenario, one of the several ecological and environmental impacts of fires is that biomass burning is a significant source of greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. Nevertheless, the oxidation of biomass is usually incomplete and a range of pyrolysis compounds and particulate organic matter (OM) in aerosols are produced simultaneously to the thermal modification of pre-existing C forms in soil. These changes lead to the evolution of the OM to "pyromorphic humus", composed by rearranged macromolecular substances of weak colloidal properties and an enhanced resistance against chemical and biological degradation. Hence the occurrence of fires in both undisturbed and agricultural ecosystems may produce long-lasting effects on soils' OM composition and dynamics. Due to the large extent of the C pool in soils, small deviations in the different C forms may also have a significant effect in the global C balance and consequently on climate change. This paper reviews the effect of forest fires on the quantity and quality of soils' OM. It is focused mainly on the most stable pool of soil C; i.e., that having a large residence time, composed of free lipids, colloidal fractions, including humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), and other resilient forms. The main transformations exerted by fire on soil humus include the accumulation of new particulate C forms highly resistant to oxidation and biological degradation including the so-called "black carbon" (BC). Controversial environmental implications of such processes, specifically in the stabilisation of C in soil and their bearing on the global C cycle are discussed. 相似文献
94.
A new version of a classical method was applied to study the distribution of natural radionuclides (238U, 230Th, and 226Ra) in the soil fractions obtained by a sequential extraction procedure. The potential significance of the fractions obtained with this method was tested on two very similar soils but with very different contents of the three radionuclides, collected in the proximity of a disused uranium mine located in the Extremadura region in the south-west of Spain. The results confirmed that, if only non-residual fractions are considered, the sequential method applied shows a characteristic speciation pattern of these natural radionuclides in this soil matrix, i.e., the distribution of each of the three radionuclides was very similar for the two soil samples. 相似文献
95.
Sergi Pérez Ángel García-López Renaud De Stephanis Joan Giménez Susana García-Tiscar Philippe Verborgh Juan Miguel Mancera Gonzalo Martínez-Rodriguez 《Marine Biology》2011,158(7):1677-1680
We tested the possibility of measuring progesterone levels in bubbler samples collected from free-ranging live bottlenose
dolphins (n = 11) and long-finned pilot whales (n = 2) as a tool to evaluate the pregnancy status of individuals. Samples were collected during January 2004 and September–October
2005 in the Strait of Gibraltar and Gulf of Cadiz and used for sex-determination by genetic methods (skin samples) and for
quantification of progesterone levels by enzyme immunoassay. Photo-identification tracking of females after taking the biopsy
was used to observe the presence of newborns and, in this way, to determine if the female was pregnant at the time of sampling.
Mean progesterone levels from pregnant bottlenose dolphins (n = 2) were around 9 times higher than those from non-pregnant females (n = 9), with no overlap between concentration ranges demonstrating that this method could constitute an effective tool for
determining pregnancy in wild populations of bottlenose dolphins and other cetacean species. 相似文献
96.
Canch-Escamilla Gonzalo Guin-Aguilln Lee Duarte-Aranda Santiago Barahona-Prez Felipe 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(2):751-762
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this work, the trunk and flower stalk of henequen were characterized and subjected to pyrolysis at high temperatures. The chemical composition... 相似文献
97.
Lozano Lazo Denise P. Bojanic Helbingen Cynthia Gasparatos Alexandros 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):565-581
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Detailed information about waste generation rates, composition, and their influencing factors, is essential for sustainable municipal solid waste... 相似文献
98.
Marinato Yara Pavoski Giovani Rosario Carlos Gonzalo Alvarez de Andrade Lidiane Maria Espinosa Denise Crocce Romano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(2):970-984
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The increase in technology has increased the consumption and waste of electrical and electronic equipment, especially cell phones (smartphones).... 相似文献