改进的硫酸盐-聚乙烯醇法包埋藻菌脱氮除磷研究

采用改进的硫酸盐-PVA固定化法将藻与菌混合固定。在三种不同藻菌比的情况下，固定化系统对氮去除均可达100％，但是去除速度与固定的细菌量有关，细菌量越大，对氮的去除速度越快；对磷的去除随实验进行，最大去除率逐步下降，其下降速度与固定藻的量有关，藻量越大，下降速度越慢。由此说明脱氮的主要贡献者是细菌，而藻对除磷起了主要作用。为达到有效的脱氮除磷，应适当提高固定化藻的浓度，藻菌比应大于2：1。透射电镜照片显示，在聚乙烯醇载体上，藻类的生长没有受到限制。     

超细TiO2粒子的超滤分离及回用特性

针对TiO2超细粒子的超滤分离特性进行了试验研究,探讨了操作压力、膜面流速、TiO2投量、pH、电解质等参数条件对膜通量的影响规律及作用机理,证实了浓差极化及滤饼层阻力是影响通量变化的主导因素,在此基础上确定了适宜的超滤工艺条件及膜清洗方式.以甲基橙为降解基质分别测试了经混凝与超滤分离后的TiO2光催化活性,结果表明,超滤不仅可实现TiO2粒子与水的彻底分离,且分离后TiO2催化活性与初次使用相当.研究表明超滤用于悬浮光催化体系的固液分离及催化剂再用是可行的.     

Anaerobic degradation of diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from river sediment in Taiwan

We investigated anaerobic degradation rates for three phthalate esters (PAEs), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from river sediment in Taiwan. The respective anaerobic degradation rate constants for DEP, DBP, and DEHP were observed as 0.045, 0.074, and 0.027 1/day, with respective half-lives of 15.4, 9.4, and 25.7 days under optimal conditions of 30 °C and pH 7.0. Anaerobic degradation rates were enhanced by the addition of the surfactants brij 35 and triton N101 at a concentration of 1 critical micelle concentration (CMC), and by the addition of yeast extract. Degradation rates were inhibited by the addition of acetate, pyruvate, lactate, FeCl₃, MnO₂, NaCl, heavy metals, and nonylphenol. Our results indicate that methanogen, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and eubacteria are involved in the degradation of PAEs.     

非定态SO2制酸工艺在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用

介绍了非定态SO2制酸工艺的特点、流程及其在铅精矿烧结烟气治理中的应用效果。该工艺具有良好的社会效益、环境效益和较好的经济效益，具有较高的推广应用价值。     

Human exposure and health risk of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) in Tianjin, China

The dynamic exposures to HCHs of individuals born between the years 1913 and 1993 in Tianjin have been simulated by connecting a fugacity model (IV) with a multimedia exposure model. Ingestion is the most important pathway for human beings to take up HCHs, and concentrations in the human body correlate with body weight changes. Accumulations of HCHs were derived assuming that the degradation in human body behaved linearly. The health risk of exposure to HCHs was measured using cancer risk and loss of life expectancy (LLE), and LLE was modified from its original definition to incorporate a dynamic calculation that takes variances in exposure into account. Monte-Carlo simulations were run to analyze the uncertainties of the model.     

建筑陶瓷行业SO2污染物评价及总量控制实用方法

采用高斯点源模型对建陶生产造成的SO2地面浓度增量进行计算.利用比例下降模型计算建陶业的SO2允许排放总量,并根据企业的设备生产能力进行了总量分配,在方法上具有较强的可操作性,计算结果表明,可有效降低所在地区的SO2地面浓度.     

DO和pH值在短程硝化中的作用

在SBR反应器中对DO和pH值在短程硝化和半亚硝化过程中的作用进行试验研究,结果表明,控制低DO和适宜的pH值在短程硝化过程中起着重要的作用.本试验条件下,当DO为0.5～1.0 mg/L、pH值为7.5～8.0时,在SBR反应器中很容易实现短程硝化;当DO＞0.3 mg/L时,DO越低,出水NO2--N积累率越高;当pH值＞6.8时,不会影响系统NO2--N积累的稳定性.另外,研究结果还表明,通过控制DO和pH值可以实现半亚硝化.本试验条件下,当进水氨氮浓度为120 mg/L时,控制DO为0.3～0.4 mg/L可实现出水半亚硝化;当进水氨氮浓度为200 mg/L时,控制DO为0.5～0.6 mg/L或pH值为6.8也可以实现出水半亚硝化.     

以pH和ORP作为脉冲SBR工艺的实时控制参数

为了实现脉冲SBR深度脱氮的实时控制，以某污水处理厂市政污水为处理对象，考察了脉冲SBR在深度脱氮过程中pH及ORP的变化规律。试验结果表明，pH及ORP的变化规律与脉冲SBR有机物去除、硝化与反硝化过程存在较好的相关关系。可以根据pH和ORP变化曲线上的特征点对脉冲SBR进行实时控制。并考察了污水C／N（COD／NH4^＋-N）对pH及ORP的变化规律的影响。在硝化过程中，C／N对pH及ORP曲线变化点的出现没有影响；在反硝化过程中，应结合pH值“硝酸盐峰”和ORP“硝酸盐膝”来判断低C／N污水反硝化的终点。在该试验中，出水TN低于2mg／L，TN去除率可达到96％以上。     

变频控制DO下SBR硝化反应控制参数及节能的中试研究

根据微生物好氧反应的需氧量调节曝气量在当今能源紧缺的形势下具有十分重要的意义.为了研究曝气量大小对SBR实时控制参数pH、DO的影响,采用变频器调节曝气量以控制系统不同的DO浓度,以60 m3中试SBR反应器处理北京市北小河污水处理厂城市污水,考察了硝化过程中pH值、DO与有机物去除及硝化过程的相关性,并引入了新的控制参数--变频频率f.试验结果表明,控制溶解氧浓度较低时,pH值不能作为硝化结束的控制参数,但可根据变频频率f的特征点判断硝化反应的结束;控制溶解氧为3.0 mg/L和4.0 mg/L时,DO、pH值、变频频率f都可作为硝化结束的控制参数,同时,变频控制可有效降低单位时间内风机的能耗.     

Study of using microfiltration and reverse osmosis membrane technologies for reclaiming cooling water in the power industry.

A study of using dual membrane technologies, microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO), for reclaiming blowdown of the cooling tower was conducted at ZJK power plant, Hebei province, China. The study shows that the combined MF-RO system can effectively reduce water consumption in the power industry. The results indicate that MF process is capable of producing a filtrate suitable for RO treatment and achieving a silt density index (SDI) less than 2, turbidity of 0.2 NTU. The water quality of RO effluent is very good with an average conductivity of about 40 micros/cm and rejection of 98%. The product water is suitable for injection into the cooling tower to counteract with cooling water intrusion. After adopting this system, water-saving effectiveness as expressed in terms of cycles of concentration could be increased from 2.5-2.8 times to 5 times.