新型气升式氧化沟流体力学特性的数值模拟

以基于计算流体力学的FLUENT 软件为工具,选用雷诺应力模型对小试气升式氧化沟的三维流场进行模拟研究,比较了进气量分别为0.25,0.5,0.75m3/h 以及污泥浓度分别为2.5,5.0g/L 时的流速和流态.结果表明,气升式氧化沟的流态从整体上看是完全混合的,但其底部由于流速较大又具有推流特性;进气量对液相流速影响明显,对整体流态并无影响,污泥浓度对流速和流态影响都很小;将模拟结果与实际测试数据对比,表明该模拟结果可靠,可用于小试反应器的流体力学特性研究.     

不同用量土壤调理剂对镉污染农田土壤环境的影响

采用大田试验,探讨不同用量土壤调理剂对镉污染农田土壤养分、质地、微团聚体、酶活性及微生物数量等影响.试验设置T0、T1、T2、T3、T4和T5共6个处理,对应添加土壤调理剂0、1 500、3 000、4 500、6 000和 7 500 kg·hm-2.结果表明:施用土壤调理剂后增加了土壤pH值(0.66％～6.75％)、阳离子交换量(22.68％～64.45％)、碱解氮(7.94％～29.26％)和速效钾(0.28％～21.99％),而对土壤质地、有效磷、微团聚体组成影响较小;影响了土壤微生物环境,抑制了脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及细菌和放线菌数量.土壤调理剂通过影响土壤理化性质及微生物环境,降低了 土壤有效态镉(12.34％～24.78％)和糙米镉含量(7.69％～64.10％).相关性表明:施用量与土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、碱解氮和速效钾呈显著正相关,而与有效磷、脲酶和过氧化氢酶呈显著负相关,但与土壤有效态镉和糙米镉相关性不明显.综上,从镉污染修复效果、土壤环境影响及经济成本考虑,以T2(3 000 kg.hm-2)处理效果最佳.     

爆炸与中毒模型在液氨储罐安全评价中的应用

以某公司液氨储罐为例,对液氨储罐区进行危险性分析,选用爆炸与中毒模型对液氨储罐进行安全评价,并提出安全对策措施,为企业制定应急救援预案和政府进行有效的监管提供科学依据.     

Study on water quality and genotoxicity of surface microlayer and subsurface water in Guangzhou section of Pearl River

In order to understand the water quality and the genotoxicity of various surfaces in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River during January to December of 2008, we investigated and studied the current water situation of the surface microlayer (SML) and the subsurface water (SSW) in Guanzhou section (Zhongda Dock and Yuzhu Dock) of the Pearl River by chemical analysis and biological monitoring method (Vicia faba micronucleus test). The results showed that during these months concentrations of the indexes of the two docks water such as total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) exceeded the national III level of surface water quality, and the indexes of SML were much higher than the ones of SSW (P?< 0.05), and the exceeding rate of TN, TP of SML was 100%. According to the eutrophic evaluation standard, the water bodies of SML and SSW in the two docks were in a eutrophication during these months. The eutrophication and pollution of SML was more serious, and the highest index of eutrophication (E value) was up to 81.9, which also had obvious difference with COD and TP (P?< 0.05). The water of SML in the two docks enriched to N, P, and chlorophyll a (Chl. a) seriously, and the enrichment factor of SML in Zhongda Dock to N, P, and Chl. a was 0.71 ?? 2.78, 0.98 ?? 1.18, and 0.49 ?? 13.99, respectively, and the one in the Yuzhu Dock was 1.09 ?? 1.52, 1 ?? 1.14, and 0.72 ?? 4.07, respectively. Through inspecting the water genotoxicity of various layers by V. faba micronucleus test, we could know that the average annual MCN?? of SML and SSW in the two docks was 6.09??, 5.53??, 5.57??, and 5.249??, respectively. In general, the above value of SML was a little higher than the one of SSW, but there was not a remarkable difference (P?> 0.05). This research shows that the water quality in a medium to heavy eutrophication in the Guangzhou section of Pearl River belongs to national III ?? IV level, and SML has the capability of enrichment to the pollutants such as N and P and induces the increase of micronucleus rate of V. faba tip cell. The study also indicates that there may be genotoxicity matters such as N, P in water body.     

工业区户外儿童游乐场地表灰尘重金属污染的磁学响应

以南京一个工业区为例,采集户外儿童游乐场地表灰尘样品,并对其进行环境磁学测量以及重金属总量和酸可提取态测定,以探究磁学参数对工业区该类环境介质重金属污染的指示作用.结果表明,地表灰尘样品中磁性矿物以亚铁磁性矿物为主,主要以假单畴-多畴颗粒存在;样品低频磁化率和饱和等温剩磁的平均值分别为939.31×10~(-8)m~3·kg~(-1)和16 618.74×10~(-5)A·m~2·kg~(-1),与城市非工业区相比磁性矿物含量较高.地表灰尘样品平均受到中度到高度的重金属污染,部分磁学参数与重金属总量和酸可提取态占比均显著相关,且与总量的相关性较强,其中,Mn、Ni、Cr总量以及污染负荷指数与非磁滞磁化率和饱和等温剩磁的相关性较高(0.69≤r≤0.86,P0.01),并具有一致的空间变化特征,且主成分分析结果表明重金属和磁性矿物均主要来自工业活动.因此,部分磁学参数可作为指示工业区户外儿童游乐场地表灰尘重金属污染状况的有效指标.     

江西广丰岭底早白垩世破火山口地质和地球化学特征及其构造意义

本文对江西广丰岭底早白垩世破火山口进行了全面研究,选择军潭山—岭底实测火山旋回地质剖面作为该火山口基准剖面,厘定了该火山机构早白垩世中墩组第三旋回火山岩地层及其与晚期火山活动侵入的花岗斑岩的关系,划分了火山岩岩相类型、组合;对基准剖面采集样品进行测试分析,通过地层、岩相、岩石学及地球化学等方面的研究,讨论了火山岩相与火山喷发类型的成因机制,探讨了母岩浆性质、起源及火山—侵入作用的构造环境。研究认为,岭底火山岩为铝质A型流纹岩,形成于以挤压为主并转向拉张的构造环境,为进一步研究铜钹山花岗质火山—侵入杂岩及区域岩浆构造演化提供了地质依据。     

扬子东南缘中生代构造体制转换研究——以江西相山火山盆地为例

江西相山火山盆地位于中国东南部晚中生代火山-侵入杂岩带的最西端,具有明显的东西向构造域与北东向构造域叠加特征,其在扬子东南缘(浙赣段)中生代构造体制转换研究中具有重要意义。通过测定流纹英安岩和边缘相碎斑熔岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄,研究其岩石地球化学、地质构造特征,认为相山火山盆地东西向构造与北东向构造的强烈转换时间为133.87±0.76 Ma至132.01±0.7 Ma之间,可代表扬子东南缘(浙赣段)中生代构造体制强烈转换时期。     

A survey and analysis on public awareness and performance for promoting circular economy in China: A case study from Tianjin

The main objective of this study is to create a better understanding of public awareness and performance in the promotion of a Circular Economy (CE) in Tianjin, China. The data and information used in this paper were collected by distributing questionnaires randomly in 6 urban districts and interviewing 600 respondents. The results indicate that the residents have limited awareness and a poor understanding about the CE program. However, they hold a positive attitude toward garbage sorting while most of the residents simply classify the garbage into categories that can be sold, reused or exchanged for new ones. People's awareness of the CE program has a positive correlation to their educational level, whereas their pro-environmental and resource conservation behavior has a positive correlation to the age of the respondents.     

桑美台风风暴潮及其对张网作业影响的探讨

以2000年"桑美"台风风暴潮及此阶段张网作业的有关资料为依据,对风暴潮增水的形成机制、浙沪沿海风暴潮各阶段特征以及对张网作业的影响进行了探讨;对风暴潮增水在张网作业的积极作用与负面影响以及2000年八月半水张网作业丰收原因进行讨论.分析表明,在杭州湾滩浒岛附近海域,因风暴潮增水导致张网作业CPUE平均增幅为9.3%,最大增幅达23.5%.本文是一则风暴潮有利方面的报道,中国迄今尚属首次.