三种安全评价方法在苏丹化工项目的应用比较分析与实践

为解决海外炼化项目存在的资源短缺、员工技能不足和管理文化冲突等问题,提高海外炼化项目安全管理水平,本文通过对比苏丹化工项目所采用的3种不同安全评价方法,分析出不同方法的优缺点和适用性。基于此,苏丹化工项目采用这3种评价方法,很好地弥补了单一评价方法的不足,查找出了主要的安全管理漏洞,识别出重大隐患所在,有效防范了各类安全风险,项目的安全管理水平得到了显著提高。     

建设项目竣工环保验收监测全程质量管理

质量管理是环境监测质量保证重点和难点,加强全程质量管理才能确保建设项目竣工环保验收监测质量可靠、流程规范、数据有效、服务高效、签报合法,才能全面推进建设项目竣工环保验收监测事业科学发展.简要概述了验收监测质量管理职能,深入研究了验收监测质量管理流程,详细阐述了验收监测质量管理保障.指出在现有验收监测质量管理流程框架下,切实注重验收监测业务培训,及时做好验收监测资料存档,积极倡导验收监测制度推引,着力提升验收监测公众参与,全面整合验收监测风险管理,可有效加强建设项目竣工环保验收监测全程质量管理.     

褐铁矿与固体含量对牛粪秸秆混合厌氧干式发酵的影响

干式厌氧发酵是处理农业废弃物的有效途径之一,其中总固体（TS）含量和外源添加剂是影响有机质产甲烷过程的重要影响因素。以牛粪与水稻秸秆为例,研究了不同的褐铁矿添加量以及TS含量对牛粪秸秆混合厌氧干式发酵产甲烷过程的影响,并对沼渣特性进行表征。结果表明：固定TS含量25%时,添加1%褐铁矿（基于底物TS含量）显著促进产甲烷过程,产气量比对照组增加了21 mL·g-1（以VS计）;对照组（无褐铁矿）和添加1%褐铁矿时,纤维素降解均随TS含量升高而降低;TS含量40%时,添加1%褐铁矿对产甲烷过程具有抑制作用,甲烷产率相比于对照组（TS含量25%）降低了71%。可见只有当TS含量25%时,添加适量褐铁矿才能有效促进牛粪秸秆混合厌氧发酵产甲烷过程。研究可为优化农业废弃物甲烷化提供参考。     

碱处理和掺氮耦合改性对活性炭纤维吸附甲醛性能的影响

甲醛作为一种常见的挥发有机化合物（VOC）,对人体健康构成长期危害。为提高活性炭纤维（ACF）对甲醛等有害气体的吸附去除能力,采用不同浓度的碱处理和不同温度的氮修饰对ACF进行耦合改性,对共同改性后的ACF进行SEM、BET和XPS等分析测试,获得相关物理化学参数,并评价其吸附去除甲醛气体的性能。研究结果表明：碱处理后的ACF获得了发达的微孔结构和较高的比表面积。氮修饰后,ACF表面含氮官能团数量明显提高。改性后的ACF去除甲醛的性能得到了明显的提升,对初始浓度为4 mg·m-3的甲醛去除率高达98%。吸附去除甲醛性能的提高应该归因于比表面积的大幅度提升和表面含氮官能团数量增加的共同作用。     

Evaluation of bioaugmentation and biostimulation on arsenic remediation in soil through biovolatilization

Arsenic (As) removal through microbially driven biovolatilization can be explored as a potential method for As bioremediation. However, its effectiveness needs to be improved. Biostimulation with organic matter amendment and bioaugmentation with the inoculation of genetic engineered bacteria could be potential strategies for As removal and site remediation. Here, the experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of rice straw and biochar amendment, inoculation of genetic engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (GE P. putida) with high As volatilization activity, on microbial mediated As volatilization and removal from three different arseniferous soils. In general, the addition of rice straw (5%) significantly enhanced As methylation and volatilization in comparison with corresponding non-amended soils. Biochar amendments and inoculation of the GE P. putida increased As methylation and volatilization, respectively, but less than that of rice straw addition. The effectiveness of As volatilizations are quite different in the various paddy soils. The combined amendments of rice straw and GE P. putida exhibited the highest As removal efficiency (483.2 μg/kg/year) in Dayu soil, with 1.2% volatilization of the total As annually. The highest water-soluble As concentration (0.73 mg/kg) in this soil could be responsible for highest As volatilization besides the rice straw and bacteria in this soil.     

两性高分子絮凝剂对造纸混合污泥的絮凝脱水性能的研究

本文以天然植物粉F691为原料 ,通过羧甲基化、接枝共聚和曼尼期 (Mannich)三步反应合成出两性天然高分子改性絮凝剂 (CGAAC)。对造纸混合污泥的絮凝脱水性能的研究结果表明 ,在用量为 2 0— 30mg/L范围内 ,CGAAC对造纸混合污泥有较佳的絮凝脱水效果。     

粘土制砖过程中固氟剂的研究

基于制砖时氟易与钙结合生成高温下较稳定的ＣａＦ２,从而降低氯化物逸出量,在试验分析２４种钙基物料固氟效果的基础上,选取效果较佳的６种分别在实验室和砖瓦厂进行优化添加比例试验,对其中途中 作了砖质检验,以研究其可能对成品砖质量的影响,并进行了相应的理论分析。     

燃煤锅炉烟气达标排放下的地面浓度分析

对照国家环保总局最近发布的ＧＷＰＢ３－１９９９《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》,对几种日常最常用的中、小型燃煤锅炉进行了达标排放条件下的地面最大落地浓度预测。结果表明,在烟气达标排放和常规气象春造成的地面ＳＯ２最大落地浓度在国家环境空气质量标准（二级）的２８％以下,远小于规定浓度限值,烟尘的地面影响浓度更可忽略。因此在一般环境影响评价中,只要锅炉烟气做到达标排放,则可不作该两因子的地面浓度预测,由此可大     

两性高分子水处理剂的研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外两性高分子水处理剂的研究进展,并对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议.     

Development and verification of a screening model for surface spreading of petroleum

Overflows and leakage from aboveground storage tanks and pipelines carrying crude oil and petroleum products occur frequently. The spilled hydrocarbons pose environmental threats by contaminating the surrounding soil and the underlying ground water. Predicting the fate and transport of these chemicals is required for environmental risk assessment and for remedial measure design. The present paper discusses the formulation and application of the Oil Surface Flow Screening Model (OILSFSM) for predicting the surface flow of oil by taking into account infiltration and evaporation. Surface flow is simulated using a semi-analytical model based on the lubrication theory approximation of viscous flow. Infiltration is simulated using a version of the Green and Ampt infiltration model, which is modified to account for oil properties. Evaporation of volatile compounds is simulated using a compositional model that accounts for the changes in the fraction of each compound in the spilled oil. The coupling between surface flow, infiltration and evaporation is achieved by incorporating the infiltration and evaporation fluxes into the global continuity equation of the spilled oil. The model was verified against numerical models for infiltration and analytical models for surface flow. The verification study demonstrates the applicability of the model.