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371.
Maria Clara Pessoa Amorim José Miguel Simões Paulo Jorge Fonseca Vitor C. Almada 《Marine Biology》2010,157(3):495-503
In some marine fishes, males migrate from deeper to littoral water to breed, where they defend nests and provide parental
care. In this study, we describe seasonal patterns of shelter occupation in estuarine shallow waters and assess social aggregation
in the Lusitanian toadfish (Batrachoididae), a vocal species with male parental care. Occupation of intertidal shelters was
restricted to the breeding season but adult fish remained in subtidal regions during the non-reproductive season and they
produced sounds throughout the year. Intertidal shelters were aggregated with up to five shelters found per 2-m segment of
an 80-m transect. This aggregation probably resulted from social attraction since many segments were found unoccupied. Moreover,
shelters contained on average two fish (maximum of nine). Based on size, shelters with multiple fish seemed to contain females,
or possibly sneakers, but also more than one type I male inside, indicating a high social tolerance for conspecifics. 相似文献
372.
Investigation of trace element sources from an industrialized area (Avilés, northern Spain) using multivariate statistical methods 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In the industrialized urban area of Avilés (Spain), pooled soil samples from grassland sites were taken after careful sampling design and then investigated for their content of trace elements. A combination of statistic and geostatistic techniques proved to be a reliable tool in the interpretation of the analytical results. Geochemical groups and areas influenced mainly by anthropogenic activities were distinguished by means of classic multivariate methods (factor analysis and cluster analysis) and innovative geostatistical tools (Fourier spectral analysis). The constitution of the groups is supported by the linked results of methods sequentially distributed in order to extract as much information as possible from the original data. 相似文献
373.
Enhancement of lead uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) using EDTA and a plant growth promoter 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Phytoremediation is a novel cleanup technology for the removal of contaminants from polluted waters and soils. In phytoremediation, the plant uptake capability and the availability of the pollutant in the media are important. Here we show the results of a study on the combined effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on Pb uptake by Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Plants were grown in hydroponics media containing a nutrient solution amended with Pb at 0.2mM and different combinations of EDTA, and IAA. After 10d of treatment, the Pb content in plant tissues was quantified using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP/OES). The results showed that the combination of 100 microM IAA/0.2 mM EDTA increased the Pb accumulation in leaves by about 2800% and by about 600%, as compared to Pb content in leaves of plants exposed to Pb alone and those cultivated with Pb/EDTA, respectively. These results indicate that non-metal hyperaccumulator plants could increase their hyperaccumulating potential without genetic manipulation. 相似文献
374.
Seagrass communities dominate the Laguna Madre, which accounts for 25% of the coastal region of Texas. Seagrasses are essential to the health of the Laguna Madre (LM) and have experienced an overall decline in coverage in the Lower Laguna Madre (LLM) since 1967. Little is known on the existing environmental status of the LLM. This study focuses on the trace metal chemistry of four micronutrient metals, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn, and two non-essential metals, Pb and As, in the globally important seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Seasonal trends show that concentrations of most essential trace metals increase in the tissue during the summer months. With the exception of (1) Cu in the vertical shoot and root, and (2) Mn in the roots, no significant positive correlation exists between the rhizosphere sediment and T. testudinum tissue. Iron indicates a negative correlation between the morphological units and the rhizosphere sediments. No other significant relationship was found between the sediments and the T. testudinum tissue. Mn was enriched up to 10-fold in the leaf tissue relative to the other morphological units and also enriched relative to the rhizosphere sediments. Both Cu and Mn appear to be enriched in leaf tissue compared to other morphological units and also enriched relative to the Cu and Mn in the rhizoshpere sediments. Sediments cores taken in barren areas were slightly elevated in Zn relative to the rhizosphere sediments, whereas no other metals showed statistical differences between barren sediment cores and rhizosphere sediments. However, no correlation was measured in T. testudinum tissue and Zn in rhizosphere sediments. Previous studies suggested that Fe/Mn ratios could indicate differences between seagrass environments. Our results indicate that there is an influence from the Rio Grande in the Fe/Mn signature in sediments, and that ratio is not reflected in the T. testudinum tissue. The results from this study show that the LLM contains trace metal concentrations less than or equal to values for uncontaminated locations worldwide. In addition, there appears to be a complex partitioning in the trace metals in the morphological units of T. testudinum tissue and that analysis only of the leaf may not be indicative of the trace metal levels in this important seagrass species. 相似文献
375.
Watson JG Chow JC Lowenthal DH Cahill CF Blumenthal DL Richards LW González Jorge H 《Journal of environmental quality》2001,30(4):1118-1125
Aerosol chemical and optical properties were measured near the Mt. Zirkel Wilderness Area in northwestern Colorado. Six-hour PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 microm) mass concentrations and PM2.5 dry particle light scattering at 550 nm averaged 4.6 microg m(-3) and 8.6 Mm(-1), respectively. Sulfates, organic carbon, and geological material were the principle components of particle mass and light scattering. Hygroscopic growth was consistent with that expected for ammonium sulfate aerosols. Size distributions derived from three-wavelength (i.e., 450, 550, and 700 nm) nephelometer data were similar to those measured in other remote areas of the western USA. Quasi-dry chemical light scattering efficiencies derived using Mie theory were 3.6 m2 g(-1) for organic carbon, 2.5 m2 g(-1) for sulfates (ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate), 2.6 m2 g(-1) for ammonium nitrate, and 1.76 m2 g(-1) for geological material. These values are lower than but consistent with previously reported results. Realistic efficiencies could not be derived using the multiple linear regression (MLR) approach. 相似文献
376.
Jorge E. Moreira Cedeño 《Disasters》1986,10(2):107-111
Inasmuch as health is at cross purposes with illness, suffering, disability and death, it is clear that all measures that are adopted with foresight to reduce the repercussions of natural disasters have consequences for health 相似文献
377.
378.
Kai-Lai G. Ho Anthony L. Pometto III Paul N. Hinz Arnoldo Gadea-Rivas Jorge A. Briceño Augusto Rojas 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1999,7(4):167-172
For use by the banana industry of Costa Rica, polylactic acid (PLA) plastic ropes and banana finger shrouds must remain operational for 14 to 16 weeks, and they also must be able to break down in the soil after serving their purposes. The banana field at La Rebusca Farm (Costa Rica) and the experiment station at University of Costa Rica were selected for a field exposure study of Cargill EcoPla Generation II (GII) and Cargill EcoPla monolayer (Ca-I) PLA films. The average monthly temperature, relative humidity, and cumulative rainfall of the La Rebusca Farm and the University of Costa Rica site were 26 and 22°C, 92 and 84%, and 352 and 177 in., respectively. The PLA plastic films at the La Rebusca Farm lost their mechanical properties earlier than at the University of Costa Rica site because of the higher temperature and relative humidity of the banana farm. The Ca-I film meets the 14-week operational time frame and it is recommended for further studies as ropes and banana shrouds. 相似文献
379.
Lijuan Zhao Jose R. Peralta-Vide Bo Peng Susmita Bandyopadhyay Baltazar Corral-Diaz Pedro Osuna-Avil Milka O. Montes Arturo A. Keller Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(2):382-389
Alginates are naturally occurring components of organic matter in natural soil whose effects on nanoparticle (NP) toxicity to plants is not well understood. In the present study, corn plants were grown for one month in soil spiked with 400 mg/kg CeO2 NPs with various alginate concentrations. After one month of growth in the NPs impacted soil, plants were harvested and analyzed for Ce and mineral element concentrations. Chlorophyll concentration and heat shock protein 70, used as biomarkers for oxidative stress, were also evaluated. Results showed that, compared to CeO2 NPs treatment, alginate at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg increased Ce concentration in roots by approximately 46%, 38%, and 29% and by 115%, 45%, and 56% in shoots, respectively. CeO 2 NPs without alginate increased Mn accumulation in roots by 34% compared to control. CeO2 NPs with low and medium alginate increased Mn by ca. 92% respect to NPs without alginate and by ca. 155% respect to control. CeO2 NPs without/with alginate significantly increased accumulation of Fe and Al in roots. In addition, alginate at 50 mg/kg increased Zn accumulation in roots by 52% compared to control. In shoots, K increased at all NP treatments but the accumulation of other elements was not affected. Alginate enlarged the impact of CeO2 NPs to corn plants by reducing chlorophyll a content and triggering overexpression of heat shock protein 70. 相似文献
380.
Vanesa L. Negrin Carla V. Spetter Ra′ul O. Asteasuain Gerardo M. E. Perillo Jorge E. Marcovecchio 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(2):212-221
Four sites were selected in a salt marsh in the Bah′?a Blanca Estuary (Argentina): (1) low marsh (flooded by the tide twice daily)
vegetated by S. alterniflora; (2) non-vegetated low marsh; (3) high marsh (flooded only in spring tides) vegetated by S. alterniflora;
(4) non-vegetated high marsh. The pH and Eh were measured in sediments, while dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and
phosphate) and particulate organic matter (POM) were determined in pore water. pH (6.2–8.7) was only a ected by vegetation in low
areas. Eh (from –300 to 250 mV) was lower at low sites than at high ones; in the latter, the values were higher in the non-vegetated
sediments. The POM concentration was greater in the high marsh than in the low marsh, with no e ect of vegetation. Ammonium
was the most abundant nitrogen nutrient species in pore water, except in the non-vegetated high marsh where nitrate concentration
was higher. All nitrogen nutrients were a ected by both flooding and vegetation. Phosphate was always present in pore water at all
sites throughout the year and its concentration varied within narrow limits, with no e ect of flooding and greater values always at
non-vegetated sites. Our results showed that the variability of the pore water composition within the marsh is greater than the temporal
variation, meaning that both tidal flooding and vegetation are important in the dynamics of nutrients and organic matter in the sediment
pore water. 相似文献