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61.
Hydroxyl radical scavenging role of chloride and bicarbonate ions in the H2O2/UV process 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Simultaneous effect of inorganic anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate ions, on the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (HO*) in the H2O2/UV process is the focus of this paper. The model compound of n-chlorobutane (BuCl) was used as the probe of HO*. By changing the pH conditions (2-9) and the concentrations of NaCl (0.25-2500 mM) and NaHCO3 (25 mM), the variation of HO* concentrations and the rate of H2O2 decomposition were compared. In general, the BuCl and H2O2 follow closely the first-order reaction within the first 10 and 40 min, respectively. In the presence of chloride alone at the pH range of 2-6, the HO* concentration in the reaction mixture increases with the increase of pH, and the HO* concentration at pH = 6 is 100 times of that at pH = 2. Including bicarbonate species in the solution, the peak HO* concentration was found at a certain pH, which shifts from 4, 5, to 5-7, as the molar ratios of chloride/bicarbonate species increase from 1 to 100. In addition, without bicarbonate species HO* concentration decreases significantly with increasing chloride concentration but remained rather unchanged beyond 1250 mM. In contrast, the HO* scavenging in the presence of bicarbonate species became relatively significant only when the chloride concentration reached beyond 250 mM. Throughout all experiments of different water quality conditions, the H2O2 decomposition rate remains rather unchanged. 相似文献
62.
通过对雾灵山国家级自然保护区的调查,研究保护区的生态沿革,分析保护区的生态功能、生态作用等生态效应,针对当前所存在的草甸严重退化、动物种群密度降低、水量减少等生态问题,提出对保护区的生态环境应尽快制定环境保护规范化,建立生物多样性保护权威机构,实行社区共管,开展科学生态旅游等措施。 相似文献
63.
TOPSIS法在职业危害综合控制方案决策中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
职业危害控制方案决策属于多属性决策,应用Topsis法对职业危害控制方案进行决策,可以满足不同工艺、不同作业条件、不同经济、技术水平企业选择适宜的职业危害控制方案的需求,以达到有效控制职业危害的目的。Topsis法用于企业职业危害控制方案进行决策具有较好的准确性、实用性,是一种较易于操作、客观的综合决策方法。 相似文献
64.
Wang C Xi JY Hu HY Kang IS 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(3):295-301
A new type of a combined ultraviolet (UV)-biofilter system for air pollution control is developed. In this paper, two conceptual mathematical submodels of the UV reactor and standalone biofilter are developed. All model parameters have been determined by independent experiments or have been taken from literature. Results from UV and the standalone biofilter submodels are in a good agreement with experimental data. However, the performance of the combined system has significantly deviated from those of the UV or standalone submodels because of the stimulating effects of UV irradiation products on the subsequent biofilter performance. A modified model that considers the stimulating effects has agreed well with experimental data over a wide range of operating conditions. Further analysis of the primary parametric sensitivity of the model has shown that inlet chlorobenzene concentrations, gas empty-bed residence time in the UV reactor, and light intensity are important operating conditions. 相似文献
65.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed in agricultural soil samples from Shanghai to determine levels and to identify possible dioxin sources. The dioxin level was measured by an enzyme immunoassay method, US EPA 4025 (modified), which provides results as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents. The Method 4025m results obtained from 60 soil samples displayed a normal distribution, ranging from 2.8 to 23.4 pg/g 2378-TCDD-equvalents, with an average of 11.0 pg/g. The result also revealed a similar PCDD/Fs concentration among crop usage patterns, but differences by geographic region, low in the southwest of Shanghai and considerably higher in the northwest region. In contrast, the dioxin concentrations on Chongming Island were fairly homogeneous, with a range 10–15 pg/g. This immunoassay method is an effective high throughput screening tool which helps to minimize the need for more expensive analyses. 相似文献
66.
67.
动物体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACHE)的活性变化常被用于表征环境中有机磷农药(OPs)的污染状况.以鲅鱼脑组织AChE粗酶液为试验材料,以甲基对硫磷为OPs代表,从不同条件海水中鲅鱼AChE的活性变化人手,优化甲基对硫磷对鲅鱼AChE活性的抑制条件,获得了甲基对硫磷浓度与AChE活性抑制程度之间的关系曲线.结果表明,抑制时间为30min,温度为35℃,海水pH为7.5时,鲅鱼AChE的活性较高,甲基对硫磷对其抑制程度最强;在最佳的抑制条件下,甲基对硫磷在10~500 μg/L时,其质量浓度与AChE活性抑制率之间具有良好的线性关系(R=0.994 4),检测下限低于1.0 μg/L. 相似文献
68.
69.
本文介绍了现代软质防弹材料发展历程及种类,简述了防弹材料防水布使用的作用与目的 ,研究比较了PU、PVC两种涂层的防水布材料的撕破强力、热合牢度、耐静水压、渗水等性能,最终得出使用PU涂层防水布可成为软质防弹材料保护外套的结论。 相似文献
70.
废旧锌锰电池锌锰元素的分析表征 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
为了解废旧锌锰电池的锌锰元素特征,以废旧碱性(A-A)和酸性(Zn-C)电池为研究对象,采用化学分析、BCR连续萃取技术、SEM-EDS和XRD等手段对拆分的电池正、负电极材料中的锌锰元素进行了分析表征.实验表明:废旧碱性(A-A)电池中Mn、Zn分别占到正极材料质量的49.2%、10.3%,以Zn Mn2O4四方体锌锰矿结构晶体存在;Zn占负极材料的52.5%,以Zn O晶体存在;废旧酸性(Zn-C)电池混合电解质中,Mn、Zn各占41.8%和25.2%,分别以Zn Mn2O4、Mn O2、Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O和Zn(NH3)2Cl2等晶体存在.BCR处理结果显示,A-A电池正极和Zn-C电池混合电解质中,Mn主要为残渣态较难酸释,而A-A电池负极中的Zn易于回收. 相似文献