环境监测技术的现状及发展趋势

根据日本环境质量标准发展的需求,结合欧洲新近实施的相关环境标准,分析了环境监测技术需求和发展方向.     

Environmental Degradation of Biodegradable Polyesters: 3. Effects of Alkali Treatment on Biodegradation of Poly(ε-Caprolactone) and Poly[(R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate) Films in Controled Soil

The poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (R-PHB) films with a hydrophilic surface were prepared by the alkali treatment of their as-cast films in NaOH solutions of different concentrations. The alkali-treated PCL and R-PHB films, as well as the as-cast PCL and R-PHB films, were biodegraded in soil controlled at 25°C and the effects of alkali treatment or surface hydrophilicities on their biodegradation were investigated by the use of gravimetry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and polarization optical microscopy. It became evident that the alkali treatment enhanced the hydrophilicities and biodegradabilities of the PCL and R-PHB films in soil. The biodegradabilities of the as-cast aliphatic polyester films in controlled soil decreased in the following order: PCL > R-PHB > PLLA, in agreement with that in controlled static seawater.     

通过私有部门措施解决环境问题的日本举措

引言 1997年12月,<联合国气候变化框架公约>缔约方第三次会议(COP3)在京都举行.在经过11天谈判之后通过的<京都议定书>中,先进工业国同意到2008-2012年使其包括CO2在内的6种类型温室气体的排放量平均削减1990年水平的5.2%.具体地说,CO2削减将对经济和对人民产生直接影响.正是由于这个原因,各缔约方能够第一次对一个有法律约束力的温室气体削减议定书表示同意,是重要的第一步.各先进国家都呼吁采取与各自的温室气体削减目标相一致的举措:日本6%,美国7%,欧盟国家8%,等.