Export of toxic chemicals - a review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling

This paper reviews the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants such as flame retardants (PBDEs), dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals/metalloid concentrations of different environmental media at Guiyu, a traditional rice-growing village located in southeastern Guangdong Province (PR China), which has turned into an intensive electronic-waste (e-waste) recycling site. Incomplete combustion of e-waste in open air and dumping of processed materials are the major sources of various toxic chemicals. By comparing with existing data available in other areas and also guidelines adopted in different countries, it is obvious that the environment is highly contaminated by these toxic chemicals derived from the recycling processes. For example, the monthly concentration of the sum of 22 PBDE congeners contained in PM(2.5) (16.8ngm(-3)) of air samples at Guiyu was 100 times higher than published data. In order to safeguard the environment and human health, detailed investigations are urgently needed, especially on tracking the exposure pathways of different toxic chemicals which may affect the workers and local residents especially mothers, infants and children.     

演艺厅噪声治理工程实例

对一家演艺厅的噪声现状进行分析，并提出改善墙壁、屋面隔声性能，降噪的有效途径。     

PM2.5 concentration estimation using convolutional neural network and gradient boosting machine

Surface monitoring, vertical atmospheric column observation, and simulation using chemical transportation models are three dominant approaches for perception of fine particles with diameters less than 2.5 micrometers (PM_2.5) concentration. Here we explored an image-based methodology with a deep learning approach and machine learning approach to extend the ability on PM_2.5 perception. Using 6976 images combined with daily weather conditions and hourly time data in Shanghai (2016), trained by hourly surface monitoring concentrations, an end-to-end model consisting of convolutional neural network and gradient boosting machine (GBM) was constructed. The mean absolute error, the root-mean-square error and the R-squared for PM_2.5 concentration estimation using our proposed method is 3.56, 10.02, and 0.85 respectively. The transferability analysis showed that networks trained in Shanghai, fine-tuned with only 10% of images in other locations, achieved performances similar to ones from trained on data from target locations themselves. The sensitivity of different regions in the image to PM_2.5 concentration was also quantified through the analysis of feature importance in GBM. All the required inputs in this study are commonly available, which greatly improved the accessibility of PM_2.5 concentration for placed and period with no surface observation. And this study makes an exploratory attempt on pollution monitoring using graph theory and deep learning approach.     

Embryonic and fetal globins are expressed in adult erythroid progenitor cells and in erythroid cell cultures

The understanding of human hemoglobin ontogeny during development is of biological and clinical importance. Molecular and immunocytological techniques were used to study the expression of embryonic zeta (ζ), epsilon (ε), and fetal gamma (γ) globin genes in newborn cord blood, peripheral blood from men, pregnant and non-pregnant women, and in vitro mononuclear cell cultures. We have shown that embryonic and fetal globin mRNA and peptides are expressed in cultured erythroid cells and in circulating blood cells from newborns, adult non-pregnant women and from men. The findings suggest that during erythroid cell differentiation in newborns and adults, there is a transient recapitulation of sequential globin chain expression as found during embryonic and fetal development. Furthermore, these findings underscore the need for caution in using embryonic and fetal globin chains as markers to identify erythroid cells of fetal origin in maternal circulation for prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环己酮生产废水厌氧生物处理实验及中试研究

采用经絮凝Fe/C微电解pH调节预处理过的某化工厂环己酮生产废水对自制UBF反应器的启动和运行进行了厌氧生物处理研究，该废水主要成分为环己酮、环己醇、环己烷等难降解有机物，COD=10 000～40 000 mg/L，pH=1～4，此外废水中还含有部分有机酸、Na₂SO₄、油类物质及少量的苯。通过对实验数据的分析得出UBF的最佳运行参数：VLR=2.36～3.26 kg COD/(m³·d)时，COD去除效率为61.74%～65.86%。中试工程依据本研究的实验结果并结合实际情况对废水进行了有效的处理，经6个多月的调试，出水水质符合相关技术标准。     

黄磷污染饮用水处理方法研究

对被黄磷污染的饮用水进行小试研究，采用消毒剂曝气氧化工艺，在对水体消毒的同时，把黄磷氧化成磷酸盐，消除黄磷的有毒污染,是一种安全有效方法。如水中的黄磷含量波动较大或存在高于0.1 mg/L的可能性，则采用加钙盐形成磷酸钙，再经过混凝过滤去除磷酸钙，以确保处理后的水质达到地表水Ⅱ类水标准和饮用水安全。     

企业突发环境事件应急预案编制的实践和思考

近年来,突发环境事件层出不穷,为减轻突发环境事件带来的损害,我国已建立突发环境事件应急预案制度,但企业突发环境事件应急预案编制工作尚不完善。目前企业突发环境事件应急预案编制实践过程中仍存在着不少问题,这些问题的存在,限制了应急预案在应急管理中能发挥的作用。因此应急预案编制过程中的问题,亟需完善,实践中可从多个角度出发完善应急预案的编制工作。     

我国旅游安全评价研究现状与展望

旅游安全评价研究已经成为旅游安全研究的重要领域。为了解和掌握我国旅游安全评价研究的进展,从相关理论基础、评价对象、评价指标体系、权重系数以及评价方法等方面对其进行了梳理和分析。旅游安全评价总体发展迅速并逐年向好,初步形成了以事故致因为导向的理论框架,评价对象主要集中在旅游地系统和旅游生态方面,评价指标体系研究初见成效,主观权重研究较多、客观权重研究少,评价方法研究简单应用多、改进创新少。最后,根据文献分析结果和我国旅游安全评价发展趋势,结合旅游科学和安全科学知识对旅游安全评价未来的研究方向进行了展望。