准直管水射流流动特性的研究

在后混合磨料射流或准直管磨料射流中，为使水射流的动量能够充分传递给磨料，往往需要用准直管同轴套住水射流，以避免因流的侵入。准直管水射流流动特性是影响准直管磨料射流混合和加速磨料效果的主要因素，利用可视化实验和动量守恒原理对准直管水射流的流动特性进行了研究，其结果表明：准直管水射流流动特性状态随压力变化而变化；高压准直管水射流具有扩散流动段、平行流动段和回气流动段；高压准直管水射流的打击力具有沿程损失和出口损失。此外，还推导出了高压准直管水射流打击力的计算公式。     

Solubility and henry''s law constant for alcohols in water

A new correlation which provides reliable solubility values down to very, very low concentrations is presented for solubility of alcohols in water. The correlation is based on boiling point temperature of the alcohol and can be used for engineering studies involving health, safety and environmental considerations. Results for water solubility and Henry's law constant are provided for a wide variety of alcohols. Representative solubility values (parts per million by weight) are 74,000 for n-butanol (C₄H₁₀O) and 4.0 for 1-dodecanol (C₁₂H₂₆O).     

甲萘威的淡水水生生物水质基准研究

为保护我国淡水水生生物,收集、筛选出5门23科44个物种的急性毒性数据和1门1科2个物种的慢性毒性数据,分别采用毒性百分数排序法和物种敏感度分布法,对我国甲萘威的淡水水生生物水质基准进行推导. 结果表明:我国淡水水生生物物种的急性毒性平均值范围为2.25～27 609 μg/L,甲壳纲急性毒性平均值范围为2.25～1 000 μg/L,鱼纲急性毒性平均值范围为700～27 609 μg/L,最敏感的物种为棘爪网纹溞,最不敏感的物种为胡鲶. 毒性百分数排序法推导出的基准最大浓度和基准连续浓度均为2.6 μg/L,物种敏感度分布法推导出的短期危险浓度和长期危险浓度分别为3.3和1.6 μg/L. 中美甲萘威的水质基准值差异归因于两国生物区系的不同. 甲壳纲对甲萘威的敏感度大于鱼纲. 初步统计表明,在22个天然水体样品中,有50%样品的甲萘威浓度高于淡水水质基准,存在环境风险.      

四川省气候变化适应行动现状、问题和建议研究

作为遭受气候变化不利影响较为严重的省份之一,四川省面临着可持续发展能力提升和应对新增气候变化风险的挑战.文章在简要介绍气候变化对四川省的影响、系统梳理其在适应气候变化中取得成效的基础上,进一步剖析了存在的问题,最后结合四川省省情和气候变化适应行动现状,提出了从健全法律法规到完善适应气候变化的体制机制,从加强适应基础建设到强化适应能力建设等方面的建议.     

环保物联网在涪陵页岩气开发环境监管中的应用研究

环保物联网是物联网技术在环境保护领域的智能应用,是促进战略性新型环保产业发展的重要手段.随着中国页岩气产业的快速发展,一系列环境问题日益凸显,为提高页岩气开发环境污染防控效率,以重庆涪陵页岩气勘探开发示范基地为研究对象,结合当前页岩气开发环境管理现状,介绍页岩气开发环保物联网基本架构,探讨环保物联网在页岩气开发环境监管中的应用,促进涪陵页岩气示范基地环境保护的精细化和智能化管理.     

对羟基苯甲酸对铜绿微囊藻的化感效应以及对鲤鱼的毒性作用

为了寻找治理水华的有效方法,研究了对羟基苯甲酸对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响以及对鲤鱼的毒性作用.结果表明,一定浓度的对羟基苯甲酸能有效抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长.其半抑制浓度(EC50)为0.42 mmol·L-1;抑藻机制之一可能是对羟基苯甲酸能促进细胞氧自由基(O-2)的产生.从而导致藻细胞膜结构的损伤.实验中抑藻作用最佳浓度的对羟基苯甲酸(0.8 mmol·L-1)作用于鲤鱼后,对鲤鱼血清中的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-GT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性没有明显影响,对肝脏、鳃和肌肉中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性以及膜脂质过氧化产物(MDA)的含量也没有明显影响.提示对羟基苯甲酸在该浓度下对鲤鱼无毒性作用.因此,对羟基苯甲酸可望被开发出一种高效低毒的生物杀藻剂.     

Potential of Pteris vittata L. for phytoremediation of sites co-contaminated with cadmium and arsenic： The tolerance and accumulation

Field investigation and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the tolerance of Pteris vittata L. （Chinese brake） to cadmium （Cd） and its feasibility for remediating sites co-contaminated with Cd and arsenic （As）. The results showed that P. vittata could survive in pot soils spiked with 80 mg/kg of Cd and tolerated as great as 301 mg/kg of total Cd and 26.8 mg/kg of diethyltriaminepenta acetic acid （DTPA）-extractable Cd under field conditions. The highest concentration of Cd in fronds was 186 mg/kg under a total soil concentration of 920 mg As/kg and 98.6 mg Cd/kg in the field, whereas just 2.6 mg/kg under greenhouse conditions. Ecotypes of P. vittata were differentiated in tolerance and accumulation of Cd, and some of them could not only tolerate high concentrations of soil Cd, but also accumulated high concentrations of Cd in their fronds. Arsenic uptake and transportation by P. vittata was not inhibited at lower levels （〈20 mg/kg） of Cd addition. Compared to the treatment without addition of Cd, the frond As concentration was increased by 103.8% at 20 mg Cd/kg, with the highest level of 6434 mg/kg. The results suggested that the Cd-tolerant ecotype of P. vittata extracted effectively As and Cd from the site co-contaminated with Cd and As, and might be used to remediate and revegetate this type of site.     

Genotoxicity evaluation of drinking water sources in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay

The potential harm of organic pollutants in drinking water to human health is widely focused on in the wodd; more and more pollutants with genotoxic substances are released into the aquatic environment. Water source samples were collected from 7 different localities of Nanjing City. The potential genotoxicity of organic extracts from drinking water sources were investigated by means of the comet assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. The results showed that all the organic extracts from all the water source samples could induce DNA damages of human peripheral blood lymphocytes at different levels. A significant difference （P 〈 0.01） was observed when compared with the solvent control, The DNA damage increased with the increase of the dosage of the original water source. Significant differences of DNA damage were observed in different drinking water sources, as shown by the multiple comparisons analysis at the dosage of 100x; the degree of DNA damage treated by Hushu waterworks （at town level） was the most serious, the arbitrary units （AU） was 141.62±6.96, however, that of Shangyuanmen waterworks （at city level） was only 109.64±2.97. The analysis also revealed that the genotoxicity of town＇s water sources was higher than that of the city. The results demonstrated that the comet assay can be successfully applied to the genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water sources.     

膜-生物反应器处理超市废水的试验研究

文章对一体式平板膜-生物反应器处理超市废水的特性进行了小试试验研究,结果表明,反应器对COD的平均去除率为91%,NH3-N平均去除率为86%。平板膜-生物反应器膜污染阻力构成为泥饼阻力占85%,孔隙堵塞阻力占13%,膜本身阻力只占2%,可忽略不计。     

资源和环境约束下的城市产业结构优化——以徐州市为例

徐州在传统工业化进程中取得了较大进展,但也存在着较大问题。徐州需要加快实现工业化进程的路径转换,坚定走新型工业化道路。应当寻求工业化与信息化互动的结合点和切入点;推进产业结构优化升级;强化科技创新和扩大对外开放。要牢固确立新的发展观,切实转变经济增长方式,大力发展循环经济,加强环境保护和生态建设,营造一流人居环境。按照新型工业化的要求,实现徐州城市的可持续发展。