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91.
We measured total mercury concentrations in water and fish of Lake Managua and Lake Apoyo. Water mercury concentrations were 10-fold higher in Lake Managua than in Lake Apoyo, although differences in mercury concentration in the most common native fish were not significant. One-fourth of the commercially fished tilapia in Lake Managua exceeded maximum recommended mercury levels for consumption among pregnant women and other at-risk groups, although bioavailability to fishes was lower than in previously studied sites in Brazil and Western Maryland. The lower bioavailiability may present important information for management options to reduce mercury exposure to fishes and humans. We recommend closer mercury monitoring among freshwater fish destined for international commerce. 相似文献
92.
Inorganic phosphate fertilizers may contain radionuclides, heavy metals and fluorine. This paper presents the possible environmental hazards from Tapira phosphate rocks and their (by) products (Brazil) utilized as phosphate fertilizers. The activity concentration of 238U, 234U, 226Ra and 40K in Tapira phosphate rocks is within the world range for these rock types. The 232Th activity concentration is higher than the mean reported in phosphate rocks. A value of 2184 nGy h(-1) was obtained for the exposure dose rate in Tapira phosphate deposit area, which is indicative of a high background radiation area. The flotation-separation process causes the incorporation of no more than 9%, 11% and 24% of radionuclides, heavy metals and fluorine, respectively, into the phosphate concentrate. The radionuclides and heavy metals existing in phosphate fertilizers applied in Brazilian crops according to the recommended rates, do not raise their concentration in soils to harmful levels. 相似文献
93.
Martin Gullstrom Maricela de la Torre Castro Salomao O.Bandeira Mats Bjork Mattis Dahlberg Nils Kautsky Patrik Ronnback Marcus C.Ohman 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(8)
海草是海洋被子植物,广泛分布在温带和热带的海岸带水域,是地球上水生生态系统中最具生产力的生物之一. 相似文献
94.
Esther Mancebo Iván Bernardo Maria J. Castro Francisco J. Fernández-Martinez Emilia Barreiro Paloma De-Pablos M.a Jesús Marin Silvia Cortezon Estela Paz-Artal Luis M. Allende 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(9):861-864
Mutations of the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene are responsible for the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). This study reports the first A-T prenatal diagnosis performed in Spain by direct molecular analysis. The pregnant woman had a previous child suffering from A-T due to a deletion in the ATM gene. The ATM coding region was sequenced in the A-T patient and her parents. Then, a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the deletion was performed for prenatal diagnosis. Additionally, polymorphic HLA loci were examined in order to exclude the possible contamination by maternal DNA. In this family of Gypsy origin, we carried out a rapid molecular diagnosis of A-T. Then, a prenatal diagnosis was carried out, identifying the deletion in the fetal DNA. Additionally, we performed a population study in unrelated Spanish Gypsies and in unrelated controls, showing that the deletion described could be a hotspot in the Spanish Gypsy population. The size of the coding region and the genomic structure, together with the absence of hotspots, make the mutation screening of the ATM gene difficult. The ability to identify ATM mutations provides a tool that can be applied in confirmatory diagnosis, genetic counselling, carrier prediction and prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
95.
96.
P. Castro 《Marine Biology》1978,46(3):237-245
Trapezia ferruginea appears to depend entirely on its coral host (Pocillopora spp.) for shelter and food. Field and laboratory experiments have shown that the brightly colored crabs move between colonies at night. Analysis of movements in crabs randomly distributed among randomized Pocillopora damicornis colonies under laboratory conditions showed that after 6 days there was a significant increase in the number of heterosexual pairs (P<0.001) and a significant correlation between the number of crabs and the size of colonies (P=0.003), as well as between the size of crabs and the size of colonies (P=0.020) — conditions which are also observed in the field. No such correlations were obtained (P>0.05) in a similar experiment where very intense predation by carnivorous fishes was present. This host selection by adults appears to be elicited by the lack of a suitable partner and the inadequate size of their established territory in the colony. 相似文献
97.
Modified pressurised hot water is used for the development of a high pressure liquid-liquid extraction method for the decontamination of used industrial oils from inorganic non-metal species (chlorine, fluorine and sulphur). The oils were subjected to dynamic extraction with water modified with 5% v/v HNO3 at 200 degrees C as extractant. Under these working conditions the analytes were transferred to the aqueous phase. Spontaneous separation of the two immiscible liquid phases (the used oil and extract) takes place in the collection flask after extraction. The treated and untreated oil samples were oxidised and the chloride, fluoride and sulphate thus formed were determined by ion-chromatography. The method was applied to four oil samples from different locations in Spain. A residence time of approximately =10 min provided oil samples from which 88.3%, 89.4% and 89.4% of chloride, fluoride and sulphate, respectively, have been removed with respect to the initial concentration of each analyte in the oil. The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was of 11.9%, 13.7% and 7.2% for Cl(-), F(-) and SO4(2-), respectively; whilst the within-laboratory reproducibility yielded RSDs of 6.2%, 7.9% and 6.2% for the same analytes. The proposed approach has proved to be efficient, simple, easily transferable to industrial scale, cheap, fast and environmentally friendly. 相似文献
98.
Castro MC Bedmar F Monterubbianesi MG Peretti A Barassi CA 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2002,23(4):353-358
The presence of chlorimuron ethyl and metsulfuron methyl in two soils was determined by a modified petri dish bioassay. Pregerminated seeds of maize and sunflower were placed in petri dishes containing 85 to 100 g of treated soil. Radicle root lengths were measured after 24 h. Chlorimuron had no effect on maize on the Balcarce soil, however 0.007 microg g(-1) decreased sunflower root length. Chlorimuron decreased maize and sunflower root length regardless application dose on the San Cayetano soil. Metsulfuron decreased maize root length at 0.04 microg g(-1) and sunflower at 0.021 microg g(-1) on the Balcarce soil. On the San Cayetano soil metsulfuron at 0.001 microg g(-1) decreased maize and sunflower root length. The phytotoxicity of chlorimuron and metsulfuron changed according to soil type and dose. Maize and sunflower were 1.3-1.5 and 1.3-1.8 times respectively more sensitive to chlorimuron on the San Cayetano soil than on the Balcarce soil. In the case of metsulfuron, maize was similarly sensitive on both soils but sunflower was 1.7-2.0 times more sensitive on the San Cayetano soil than on the Balcarce soil. Phytotoxicity increased as organic matter (OM) content decreased and/or when the soil pH and concentration increased. 相似文献
99.
100.
Matías Feijoo Enrique P. Lessa Rocío Loizaga de Castro Enrique A. Crespo 《Marine Biology》2011,158(8):1857-1867
Several major breeding areas have been defined for the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) along the Atlantic Ocean including the Uruguayan and Patagonian coasts. Together with a documented and severe reduction
in population sizes caused by commercial hunting in the last century, these areas show opposite population trends. While Patagonian
populations are recovering since hunting ceased, Uruguayan populations are declining. In this context, population genetic
structure and genetic diversity were studied for the first time with both nuclear (microsatellites) and mitochondrial (control
region) markers together. Alternative scenarios were found for both markers. While mitochondrial marker showed geographically
structured populations, the nuclear loci showed a lack of geographical structure. These opposite patterns in genetic structure
could be explained by female phylopatry and high male dispersion. The reduction in population size caused by commercial hunting
did not leave a detectable footprint of bottleneck at the genetic level. 相似文献