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排序方式: 共有1486条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
131.
K. Baetens Q.T. Ho D. Nuyttens M. De Schampheleire A. Melese Endalew M.L.A.T.M. Hertog B. Nicolaï H. Ramon P. Verboven 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(9):1674-1682
Correct field drift prediction is a key element in environmental risk assessment of spraying applications. A reduced order drift prediction model based on the diffusion–advection equation is presented. It allows fast assessment of the drift potential of specific ground boom applications under specific environmental wind conditions that obey the logarithmic wind profile. The model was calibrated based on simulations with a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. Validation of both models against 38 carefully conducted field experiments is successfully performed for distances up to 20 m from the field edge, for spraying on flat pasture land. The reduced order model succeeded in correct drift predictions for different nozzle types, wind velocities, boom heights and spray pressures. It used 4 parameters representing the physical aspects of the drift cloud; the height of the cloud at the field edge, the mass flux crossing the field edge, the settling velocity of the droplets and the turbulence. For the parameter set and range considered, it is demonstrated for the first time that the effect of the droplet diameter distribution of the different nozzle types on the amount of deposition spray drift can be evaluated by a single parameter, i.e., the volume fraction of droplets with a diameter smaller than 191 μm. The reduced order model can be solved more than 4 orders of magnitude faster than the comprehensive CFD model. 相似文献
132.
Stefano Loppi Stergios Arg. Pirintsos Vincenzo De Dominicis 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,58(2):121-131
Total concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn in the epiphytic lichen Parmelia sulcata and superficial soils from 60 remote sampling sites in Tuscany (central Italy) were determined to evaluate the contribution of soil to the elemental composition of the lichen. The results showed that in the Mediterranean environment, the trace element content of unwashed lichen samples is greatly affected by soil contamination. However, despite the strong correlations between the concentrations of lithogene elements such as Al, Fe and Ti in P. sulcata, lichen levels of these elements were not at all linearly correlated with their concentrations in the soil, suggesting that dust contamination is highly variable and probably dependent on local site characteristics. All methods evaluated to minimize soil contamination indicated Cu, Pb and Zn as elements of atmospheric origin. However, while levels of Pb were similar to those reported for background areas, moderate pollution by Cu and Zn, probably from fertilizers used in agriculture, was revealed. For elements such as Cd and Mo, identified as atmophile, some uncertainty exists due to the fact that they are essential for lichen metabolism and accumulate intracellularly in lichens; they may therefore occur in soluble form in the lichen thallus. 相似文献
133.
Joke Muys Yves Jacquemyn Bettina Blaumeiser Laura Bourlard Nathalie Brison Saskia Bulk Patrizia Chiarappa Anne De Leener Marjan De Rademaeker Julie Désir Anne Destrée Koenraad Devriendt Annelies Dheedene Armelle Duquenne Annelies Fieuw Erik Fransen Jean-Stéphane Gatot Mauricette Jamar Sandra Janssens Jorien Kerstjens Kathelijn Keymolen Damien Lederer Björn Menten Bruno Pichon Sonia Rombout Yves Sznajer Ann Van Den Bogaert Kris Van Den Bogaert Joris Vermeesch Katrien Janssens 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(10):1272-1283
134.
135.
Christopher De Sousa 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2000,43(6):831-853
This paper examines the nature of the economic costs and risks involved in brownfield versus greenfield redevelopment in the Greater Toronto Area (Ontario, Canada) from a private sector perspective, and assesses the potential effectiveness of different policies and programmes designed to attenuate associated costs and risks. Through interviews, case-studies and an analysis of hypothetical development scenarios, it has been found that the perception that brownfield redevelopment is less cost-effective and entails greater risks than greenfield development, on the part of the private sector, is true for industrial projects in the province, but not for residential ones, which were found to be feasible, given the assumptions of the present study. Furthermore, the study has found that the attractiveness of residential brownfield projects can increase considerably with minor policy changes, but that promoting industrial redevelopment will require a more vigorous approach that employs a variety of environmental policy and economic development measures. 相似文献
136.
García De Llasera MP Rodríguez-Castillo A Vera-Avila LE 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(6):615-627
The effect of organic matter on the solid-phase extraction (SPE) efficiency for pesticides belonging to different chemical groups (urea-derivatives, carbamates and triazines) and having different polarities, was simultaneously studied for the first time in pure and simulated water samples. SPE was carried out in precolumns packed with C18 silica or styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer PLRP-S phases on-line coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Retention factors in water (k'(W)) were estimated for 25 compounds and used for the calculation of the theoretical breakthrough volume (Vb(T)) in pure water. Experimental breakthrough volumes (Vb(E)) were first determined using purified and deionized water as the matrix for selected compounds having Vb(T) < 500 mL; then, the same water with an added humic acid sodium salt (HA) at 0.4-5.6 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, was used as the matrix for compounds having VbE < 500 mL in pure water. Several polar pesticides showed negative linear or logarithmic Vb(E) curves depending on HA content; their recoveries were also determined in environmental samples having low dissolved organic carbon values, between 0.5-6.4 mg/L. A similar behavior was observed for these compounds in simulated and natural water samples, where DOC concentration and the percolated volume (Vp) mainly determine the solute recoveries values. However, the variation of recoveries as a function of DOC content could be negative or null depending on the two examined conditions (Vp lower or larger than Vb(E) in pure water). Results demonstrated that breakthrough volume must always be considered to correctly interpret the participation of dissolved humic material on the SPE efficiency of organic micropollutants in water. 相似文献
137.
138.
Assessment of the effects of soil PAH accumulation by a battery of ecotoxicological tests 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Surface soils were collected at remote, urban and industrial sites in the Southern of Italy in order to evaluate PAH concentrations and assess the toxic effects by a battery of ecotoxicological tests. The tests were performed on whole soils and on both organic and aqueous extracts. Further goal of this study was to integrate the results coming from each test and matrix in a synthetic toxicity index. The highest summation sigmaPAH concentrations were measured at the industrial soil, although this one did not show an high ecotoxicological risk. Among the performed tests, the phytotoxicity tests showed the highest sensitivity. For whole soil, the worst case always has been represented by test through bacteria. Our results could represent the first step toward the selection of a proper battery to characterize the soil ecotoxicological risk. 相似文献
139.
Francesca R. Grati Denise Molina Gomes Devika Ganesamoorthy Livia Marcato Simona De Toffol Eleonore Blondeel Francesca Malvestiti Laurence Loeuillet Anna Maria Ruggeri Robert Wainer Federico Maggi Azzedine Aboura Celine Dupont Anne Claude Tabet Fabien Guimiot Howard R. Slater Giuseppe Simoni François Vialard 《黑龙江环境通报》2013,33(1):32-41