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Forest fires are an integral part of the ecology of the Mediterranean Basin; however, fire incidence has increased dramatically during the past decades and fire is expected to become more prevalent in the future due to climate change. Fuel modification by prescribed burning reduces the spread and intensity potential of subsequent wildfires. We used the most recently published data to calculate the average annual wildfire CO(2) emissions in France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain following the IPCC guidelines. The effect of prescribed burning on emissions was calculated for four scenarios of prescribed burning effectiveness based on data from Portugal. Results show that prescribed burning could have a considerable effect on the carbon balance of the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector in Mediterranean countries. However, uncertainty in emission estimates remains large, and more accurate data is needed, especially regarding fuel load and fuel consumption in different vegetation types and fuel layers and the total area protected from wildfire per unit area treated by prescribed burning, i.e. the leverage of prescribed burning. 相似文献
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Bortolotto Ieda Maria Hiane Priscila Aiko Ishii Iria Hiromi de Souza Paulo Robson Campos Raquel Pires Juraci Bastos Gomes Rosane Farias Cariolando da Silva Leme Flávia Maria de Oliveira Arruda Rosani do Carmo de Lima Corrêa da Costa Liana Baptista Damasceno-Junior Geraldo Alves 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(5):1329-1341
Regional Environmental Change - The conservation and use of wild food plants should include local people in the decision-making process, and many countries have done so. However, interacting with... 相似文献
76.
Adaptive management and debarking schedule optimization of Quercus suber L. stands under climate change: case study in Chamusca,Portugal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Bigliardi Ana Paula Fernandes Caroline Lopes Feijo Pinto Edlaine Acosta dos Santos Marina Garcia Edariane Menestrino Baisch Paulo Roberto Martins Soares Maria Cristina Flores Muccillo-Baisch Ana Luíza da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(2):1409-1416
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal extraction and processing generate environmental contamination, which has several negative impacts on human health. Hematological and biochemical... 相似文献
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Bernardino Murilo Martins Alves Paulo Roger Lopes de Santo Fernanda Benedet Niemeyer Júlia Carina Leal Rafael Marques Pereira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(22):27655-27665
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Imidacloprid is one of the most commercialized insecticides in agriculture in the world, with a broad spectrum of action. However, little is known... 相似文献
79.
Pedro Gon?alves Rodrigues Lu��s Moreira Gon?alves Paulo Jorge Magalh?es Jo?o Grosso Pacheco Jos�� Ant��nio Rodrigues Aquiles Ara��jo Barros 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(3):405-410
An major research area in environmental chemistry is the development of methods for the analysis of biomarkers. Metallothioneins
are used as biomarkers in studies of heavy metals exposure in water, because metallothioneins are synthesized and accumulated
when organisms are exposed to toxic concentrations of pollutants. In this work, simple and sensitive voltammetric methods
were developed for metallothionein and copper (II) determinations in fish liver Lepomis gibbosus. Both analytical methodologies were optimized and applied to samples extracted from individuals previously submitted to sub-lethal
toxicological trials with copper sulphate (CuSO4) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The obtained results showed that both methods are very precise, sensitive, and involve simple sample preparation processes.
Moreover, metallothioneins showed better correlation with the toxic exposure than Cu2+. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that hepatic metallothioneins and Cu2+ contents are voltammetrically determined in order to be compared in their function as heavy metal biological indicators. 相似文献
80.
It is thought that young homing pigeons are able to use information acquired en route for their initial homeward orientation. However, the cues involved and mechanisms utilised are under discussion. Blocking light-dependent route-specific information during the first leg of an outward journey detour, together with analysis of pigeons that were raised under different loft conditions, allowed us to correctly evaluate the functioning of this mechanism and, more generally, the navigational map of birds. Pigeons from the same stock were raised and kept in two different lofts. The birds in the experimental groups were transported to the release sites via detours, and light-dependent information was denied during the first half of the outward journey (no compass information was available). Control birds were transported by the most direct route and had access to all available information. In general, the results showed that the low-loft birds preferred to use magnetic compass cues, whereas the high-loft birds preferred to use navigational map cues to collect information of the first part of the outward journey. The impairments observed in the homing performances of the experimental groups highlight the reliability of information collected inside the map area. Relevant to an understanding of the route-reversal mechanism was the evidence that this mechanism is able to function in the absence of compass information (birds raised in a wind-exposed loft show a detour effect). In systems where directional information could be provided by multiple sources, processing and extracting accurate course trajectories through a common mechanism may prove more efficient and reliable. 相似文献