中央苏区红色旅游资源跨区域整合开发研究：文化生态学视角

红色旅游资源是革命精神的核心载体,其保护和旅游利用面临着破碎化、片段化、静态化等问题,亟需开展整合开发研究。以中央苏区核心区为例,基于文化生态学理论,采用GIS空间分析方法和修正的引力模型,研究红色旅游资源空间格局和文化生态变迁,在此基础上提出整合开发的策略,结论如下：（1）红色旅游资源点空间上呈现局部聚集特征,赣南苏区形成章贡区、瑞金市、于都县“金三角”分布格局,闽西苏区则形成新罗区、永定区、上杭县、连城县“银菱形”分布格局;（2）闽西和赣南苏区各重大事件红色旅游资源点在空间上8.9~106.6 km的范围内,形成带状或面状的文化生态基底,并呈现一致向服务业主导型转变的发展态势;（3）红色旅游资源网络联系方向与服务业主导型文化生态方向错位发展,这是赣南和闽西红色旅游资源内部网络联系度较强,跨区域网络联系度较弱的重要原因。在此基础上,遵循红色旅游资源文化生态空间一体化、文化生态演变全域化、文化生态发展动态化的原则,提出空间集聚区优先整合开发、高发展指数红色旅游资源跨省域优先整合开发、跨主导类型关键节点优先整合开发三个整合开发对策,以期促进中央苏区红色旅游高质量发展。     

石墨烯/聚苯胺修饰阴极对反硝化MFC性能影响

反硝化生物阴极微生物燃料电池（MFC）以电极为电子供体,在自养条件下完成硝酸盐去除过程.本研究以碳布（CC）为基底材料,分别制备获得还原氧化石墨烯修饰（rGO-CC）,聚苯胺修饰（PANI-CC）及二者复合修饰的CC电极（rGO/PANI-CC）,并考察其作为阴极材料对反硝化生物阴极MFC产电脱氮性能的影响.扫描电镜结果显示,rGO-CC和PANI-CC的碳纤维分别被片层状rGO和网状PANI覆盖,而rGO/PANI-CC表面呈现PANI在附着rGO的碳纤维上团聚的形貌,均增大了碳布的比表面积.循环伏安测试显示,rGO/PANI-CC具有最高的电化学活性.以rGO-CC,PANI-CC和rGO/PANI-CC为阴极构建MFC的产电能力分别提高了82%,24%和41%,其阴极对NO₃^--N的去除能力增强了23%,9%和13%.16S rDNA测序结果揭示修饰后电极表面微生物的多样性下降,Stappia和Pacacoccus属微生物的丰度增加.     

氯和紫外消毒过程中胞外抗性基因的产生特征

考察了城市污水氯和紫外消毒过程中不同物理形态的胞外抗性基因的产生行为与及微生物群落的关联特征.结果表明,氯消毒尽管使胞内抗性基因丰度下降,但使结合型胞外抗性基因丰度明显上升（0.7±0.1）log,而游离型胞外抗性基因丰度下降（0.2±0.1）log.紫外消毒也使胞内抗性基因下降,但使游离型胞外抗性基因显著上升（0.4±0.2）log,而结合型胞外抗性基因丰度下降（0.3±0.1）log.氯消毒后,结合型胞外DNA（a-eDNA）中变形菌门丰度下降而其他菌门的丰度上升,细菌多样性指数由4.2上升到4.7;而游离型胞外DNA（f-eDNA）中变形菌门上升了6.6%,多样性指数则从3.5降低到2.8.紫外消毒后,a-eDNA中变形菌门丰度下降了36.6%,多样性则上升到4.8,而f-eDNA中细菌丰度变化较小.分子生态网络分析揭示了抗性基因与细菌间广泛的寄存关系,tetA、tetX、sulI和sulII分别与17、15、15和5种菌属间存在共现性,表明抗性基因潜在宿主的变化是导致消毒后胞外抗性基因产生的关键原因.本研究表明氯和紫外消毒不能消除抗性基因风险,反而通过导致不同胞外抗性基因的大量产生,使风险的形式发生变化.     

兼氧条件下厨余垃圾发酵液作碳源的反硝化性能

在兼氧条件下,利用厨余垃圾厌氧发酵液调节反硝化系统的碳氮比（COD/TN,C/N）,并考察了其脱氮性能.结果表明,不同C/N条件下,反应系统均未出现有机物的积累,但高C/N条件下的亚硝酸盐最大积累浓度和积累速率高于低C/N;随着进水C/N的增大,反应整体脱氮率和反硝化速率不断增大,当C/N为13时,反硝化速率达到了最大值,为9.79mg/（gVSS·h）,其脱氮率超过95%;相同C/N条件下,反硝化速率和最大亚硝酸盐积累浓度均与进水硝酸盐浓度成正比.此外,实验结果表明,兼氧条件下的反硝化过程虽不易出现COD残留,但去除单位氮所需的有机物更多,且整体反硝化速率以及亚硝酸盐还原速率均低于厌氧条件.     

多元复合调理剂对镉砷污染农田土壤微生物群落结构的影响

通过温室盆栽试验,研究多元复合调理剂（石灰石、铁粉、硅肥和钙镁磷肥,简称LISP）对土壤基本理化性质、Cd和As的生物有效性和微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,LISP可改变土壤基本理化性质,降低土壤有效态Cd和As含量,并改变土壤微生物群落结构.在0.4%的LISP添加下,土壤pH值、有效磷和总磷含量较CK处理分别显著（P< 0.05）提高0.57单位、130.6%和18.38%,同时土壤有效态Cd和As含量较对照分别显著（P< 0.05）降低21.76%和16.39%.高通量测序结果表明,添加LISP可维持污染土壤中正常微生物群落的多样性和丰富度,而显著改变土壤微生物群落的组成和结构,其中厚壁菌门、放线菌门和浮霉菌门等门水平物种的相对丰度增加,而绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门和疣微菌门等门水平物种的相对丰度降低.冗余分析和Mantel检验分析表明,土壤pH值、有效磷以及有效态Cd和As含量是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要环境因子.上述结果表明,LISP是一种有效的、生态安全的调理剂用于农田土壤Cd和As污染土壤修复.     

Different effects of foliar application of silica sol on arsenic translocation in rice under low and high arsenite stress

Foliar application of Si can generally reduce As translocation from roots to shoots in rice; however, it does not always work, particularly under high As stress. Here, the effects of foliar application of nanoscale silica sol on As accumulation in rice were investigated under low (2 μmol/L) and high (8 μmol/L) arsenite stress. The results revealed that foliar Si application significantly decreased the As concentration in shoots under low arsenite stress, but showed different effects under high arsenite stress after 7 days of incubation. The reduction in root-to-shoot As translocation under the 2As+Si treatment was related to the down-regulation of OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 expression and up-regulation of OsABCC1 expression in roots. In the 8As+Si treatment, the expressions of OsLsi1, OsLsi2, and OsABCC1 were significantly promoted, which resulted in substantially higher As accumulation in both the roots and shoots. In the roots, As predominantly accumulated in the symplasts (90.6%–98.3%), in which the majority of As was sequestered in vacuoles (79.0%–94.0%) under both levels of arsenite stress. Compared with that of the 8As treatment, the 8As+Si treatment significantly increased the As concentration in cell walls, but showed no difference in the vacuolar As concentration, which remained constant at approximately 69.1–71.7 mg/kg during days 4–7. It appeared that the capacity of root cells to sequester As in the vacuoles had a threshold, and the excess As tended to accumulate in the cell walls and transfer to the shoots via apoplasts under high arsenite stress. This study provides a better understanding of the different effects of foliar Si application on As accumulation in rice from the view of arsenite-related gene expression and As subcellular distribution in roots.     

Identification of close relationship between atmospheric oxidation and ozone formation regimes in a photochemically active region

Understanding ozone (O₃) formation regime is a prerequisite in formulating an effective O₃ pollution control strategy. Photochemical indicator is a simple and direct method in identifying O₃ formation regimes. Most used indicators are derived from observations, whereas the role of atmospheric oxidation is not in consideration, which is the core driver of O₃ formation. Thus, it may impact accuracy in signaling O₃ formation regimes. In this study, an advanced three-dimensional numerical modeling system was used to investigate the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and O₃ formation regimes during a long-lasting O₃ exceedance event in September 2017 over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China. We discovered a clear relationship between atmospheric oxidative capacity and O₃ formation regime. Over eastern PRD, O₃ formation was mainly in a NO_x-limited regime when HO₂/OH ratio was higher than 11, while in a VOC-limited regime when the ratio was lower than 9.5. Over central and western PRD, an HO₂/OH ratio higher than 5 and lower than 2 was indicative of NO_x-limited and VOC-limited regime, respectively. Physical contribution, including horizontal transport and vertical transport, may pose uncertainties on the indication of O₃ formation regime by HO₂/OH ratio. In comparison with other commonly used photochemical indicators, HO₂/OH ratio had the best performance in differentiating O₃ formation regimes. This study highlighted the necessities in using an atmospheric oxidative capacity-based indicator to infer O₃ formation regime, and underscored the importance of characterizing behaviors of radicals to gain insight in atmospheric processes leading to O₃ pollution over a photochemically active region.     

可压缩流动脉动压力数值模拟求解器HFS研究

目的发展模拟可压缩流动的高精度流场求解器(HFS),用于研究高马赫数钝体绕流的表面压力脉动。方法基于一般曲线坐标系下的可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,采用具有激波捕捉能力的高阶有限差分法WCNS-E进行离散。基于大规模并行计算对高马赫数钝锥绕流进行直接数值模拟(DNS),获得高精度的流场数据。结果 Blast wave测试结果表明,采用不同的WCNS格式的模拟结果与参考解吻合良好。采用HFS模拟来流冲击NACA0012翼型表面的计算结果与NASA的OVERFLOW程序的计算结果以及实验结果均符合良好。结论典型的测试算例表明,HFS能稳定且准确地捕捉强间断,对于复杂几何构型流场也能准确计算。采用HFS研究了钝锥绕流,捕获了钝锥边界层的层流、转捩和完全发展湍流等流动现象,获得了壁面脉动压力的时空分布。     

以污泥发酵液与尾水混合液为补给碳源的A2/O污染物去除特性

针对我国农村地区污水量波动和断流的排放特性,提出了一种在断流时段补给污水处理系统自身产出的尾水与污泥发酵液混合液的运行模式,以中试A²/O为对象,研究了系统在该运行模式下的污染物去除特性,以期为今后我国农村地区污水处理装置的设计和运行提供新的思路.结果表明,尾水与发酵液以12：1的比例混合后作为碳源与原水相比具有更好的反硝化和释/吸磷特性,具有强化脱氮除磷的功能;以尾水与发酵液混合液在断流时段作为补给碳源可改善系统对TN和TP的去除效率,其平均去除率分别由69.27%和86.94%提升到73.34%和89.94%,相应地平均出水浓度分别由15.77 mg ·L^-1和0.80 mg ·L^-1降低到13.76 mg ·L^-1和0.64 mg ·L^-1.16S rRNA基因测序结果表明,随着实验的进行,系统中5种常见的水解酸化菌属、6种聚磷菌属和4种反硝化菌属的相对丰度得到提升;通过对系统活性污泥性状的长期监测可以看出,以尾水与发酵液混合液在断流时段作为补给碳源会恶化系统活性污泥的沉降性能,系统活性污泥的平均SVI由阶段Ⅰ的106 mL ·g^-1上升至阶段Ⅱ的131 mL ·g^-1,然而这种恶化程度并不会对系统的污泥活性和污染物去除性能造成不利影响,在整个实验过程中系统均未出现污泥膨胀的现象.     

污染底泥修复研究探讨

文章概括介绍了污染底泥的修复技术及各自的特点,探讨了底泥修复中存在的问题及今后的发展趋势。目前底泥修复主要有物理修复、化学修复和生物修复三大类技术。物理修复见效快,但成本高;化学修复成本较低但易造成二次污染;生物修复投入低,处理量大,但处理效率低,难以见效。将这三类技术联合使用,取长补短,具有较广阔的发展前景。