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71.
Mukherjee A von Brömssen M Scanlon BR Bhattacharya P Fryar AE Hasan MA Ahmed KM Chatterjee D Jacks G Sracek O 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2008,99(1-4):31-48
Although arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater in the Bengal Basin has received wide attention over the past decade, comparative studies of hydrogeochemistry in geologically different sub-basins within the basin have been lacking. Groundwater samples were collected from sub-basins in the western margin (River Bhagirathi sub-basin, Nadia, India; 90 samples) and eastern margin (River Meghna sub-basin; Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh; 35 samples) of the Bengal Basin. Groundwater in the western site (Nadia) has mostly Ca-HCO(3) water while that in the eastern site (Brahmanbaria) is much more variable consisting of at least six different facies. The two sites show differences in major and minor solute trends indicating varying pathways of hydrogeochemical evolution However, both sites have similar reducing, postoxic environments (p(e): +5 to -2) with high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, indicating dominantly metal-reducing processes and similarity in As mobilization mechanism. The trends of various redox-sensitive solutes (e.g. As, CH(4), Fe, Mn, NO(3)(-), NH(4)(+), SO(4)(2-)) indicate overlapping redox zones, leading to partial redox equilibrium conditions where As, once liberated from source minerals, would tend to remain in solution because of the complex interplay among the electron acceptors. 相似文献
72.
Apeti DA Whitall DR Pait AS Dieppa A Zitello AG Lauenstein GG 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):811-830
As part of an assessment of land-based sources of pollution in Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico, sediment samples were collected at
43 sites to characterize concentrations of a suite of pollutants, including metals. Fifteen major and trace metals (Ag, Al,
As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Zn) were measured along with total organic carbon and grain size in surficial
sediments. For most metals, maximum concentrations were seen in the eastern bay; however, values were still within concentration
ranges found in other estuarine systems. In contrast, silver was higher in the western region. In general, metal distribution
in the bay was positively correlated with grain size. Additionally, correlations between Al and other metals suggest natural
sources for metals. The data presented here suggest that, although the Jobos Bay watershed contains both urban centers along
with industrial and agricultural developments, anthropogenic inputs of metals may be negligible. 相似文献
73.
Marvin J. Dainoff Arne Aarås Gunnar Horgen Maria Konarska Stig Larsen Magne Thoresen 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):9-23
This special issue of the International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE) reports the results from an extensive multinational and multidisciplinary collaborative investigation of the impacts on visual display terminal (VDT) work of musculoskeletal, visual, ergonomic, and psychosocial factors. For brevity, this effort has been referred to as the MEPS project (musculoskeletal—eyestrain—psychosocial—stress). This paper lays out the basic methodological structure of the study. The study was conducted in 4 countries utilizing VDT data entry workers as the primary subject population. A battery of objective and subject assessment measures, including muscle load, visual function, physical and visual strain, postural, ergonomic and psychosocial factors, were assessed at 3 different points in time. A pre-test was given prior to an ergonomic intervention. Two post-tests were given 1 month and 1 year after the ergonomic intervention. 相似文献
74.
75.
Solbu K Daae HL Olsen R Thorud S Ellingsen DG Lindgren T Bakke B Lundanes E Molander P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(5):1393-1403
Methods for measurements and the potential for occupational exposure to organophosphates (OPs) originating from turbine and hydraulic oils among flying personnel in the aviation industry are described. Different sampling methods were applied, including active within-day methods for OPs and VOCs, newly developed passive long-term sample methods (deposition of OPs to wipe surface areas and to activated charcoal cloths), and measurements of OPs in high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) recirculation filters (n = 6). In total, 95 and 72 within-day OP and VOC samples, respectively, have been collected during 47 flights in six different models of turbine jet engine, propeller and helicopter aircrafts (n = 40). In general, the OP air levels from the within-day samples were low. The most relevant OP in this regard originating from turbine and engine oils, tricresyl phosphate (TCP), was detected in only 4% of the samples (min-max 相似文献
76.
77.
The rate of catalyzed oxidation of sulphite originating from flue gas desulphurization (FGD) waste was studied under varying conditions. The pH dependence was examined in aqueous solution at the pH range of 5 to 8, the effect of soil moisture was studied in sieved soil of different moisture contents, and the oxidation of sulphite to a soil as FGD waste, was measured at different depths in a field experiment. The experiments that the half-lives of sulphite in aqueous solution were between 0.5 and 2 hours and that the oxidation rate was highest at the lowest pH. In sieved soil the half-lives of sulphite were in the range of 3 to 20 days with the oxidation rate at the highest moisture content, indication that oxygen availability was the limiting factor. The slowest decrease of the sulphite concentration was found at a soil depth of 8–10 cm which was the where the highest background concentration of sulphite was found in control plots, too.Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 1988,10(1), 26–30 相似文献
78.
Andreas Johansson Evalena Blomqvist Annika Ekvall Lennart Gustavsson Claes Tullin Bengt-Ake Andersson Mattias Bisaillon Tisse Jarlsvik Anders Assarsson Gunnar Peters 《Waste management & research》2007,25(3):296-300
This paper briefly describes waste treatment trends in Sweden and describes an example of state-of-the-art treatment in a local integrated waste treatment system (Bor?s). The focus is on treatment of household waste, to illustrate what can be done to establish a sustainable waste treatment system with high recovery of materials and energy. The various processes have resulted in a low amount of landfilled household waste, and high proportions of recovered energy and materials. Heat, electricity, vehicle fuel and fertilizers, metals and construction materials are recovered from the local waste in Bor?s, with less than 4% of domestic waste being sent to landfill. 相似文献
79.
80.
Olle Anderbrant Fredrik Östrand Gunnar Bergström Ann-Britt Wassgren Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg Claude Geri Erik Hedenström Hans-Erik Högberg Annette Herz Werner Heitland 《Chemoecology》2005,15(3):147-151
Summary. The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) dates back almost thirty years. Since then, female-produced pheromones of over twenty diprionid species have been investigated by solvent extraction followed by separation and identification. However, no study has shown what the females actually release. Collection of airborne compounds using absorbtion on charcoal filter as well as solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by analysis employing gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealed an unusual system in Diprion pini, in which the pheromone precursor alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, is released together with acetic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric acids. The corresponding acetate, propionate and butyrate esters of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol were also found in the samples. All esters were electrophysiologically active, and the propionate and isobutyrate were attractive in trapping experiments. Based on these and earlier reported results, it seems that at least in part of its range, the pheromone response of D. pini is not very specific with regard to the functional group, as long as this is an ester. 相似文献