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61.
Reis AP Patinha C Ferreira da Silva E Sousa AJ 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(2):229-241
The Marrancos gold mineralisation has a chemical assemblage of Fe–As–Se–Bi–Au–Ag–Te–(Cu–Pb–Zn–Sn–W). The −200 mesh of 144
topsoil samples was analysed by ICP–MS to determine total contents of 53 elements that include potentially harmful elements
like Cd, As and Pb. The soil geochemistry shows that some trace elements occur in considerably high concentrations. On the
basis of data for total metal concentrations, 10 topsoil samples were selected to carry out a metal fractionation study using
a selective extraction method. A set of four leaches of increasing strength was used sequentially in the soil samples. Across
the study area, there is some evidence of past mining and exploration activity, indicating that these soils may be locally
disturbed. The shallow mineralised quartz veins were exploited for gold by the Romans. Several galleries were constructed
during the 2nd World War, probably for the exploration of quartz–cassiterite–wolframite veins. However, the main mineralised
body in depth was never explored. The results of metal fractionation show different partitions for the three elements. Total
Cd concentrations in these soils are low, with a median value of 0.1 mg/kg. In average, 12% of total Cd is adsorbed by clays
and/or co-precipitated with carbonates, and 19% is bounded to Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides. However, the low concentrations indicate
that the metal does not represent an immediate risk to human health. For Pb, metal fractionation shows that, on average, 22%
of Pb is adsorbed by amorphous Fe and Mn oxides, but the samples from the northern part of the area have the major fractions
of Pb in soluble forms. The low probability of exposure in this part of the study area decreases the risk posed by this heavy
metal. Total As concentrations in the Marrancos soils are extremely high. A large area has As concentrations above 1,000 mg/kg.
For As, metal fractions in the sulphide phase vary between 84 and 98% in the studied samples. But one sample has 20% of total
As in easily reducible forms, corresponding to a partial concentration of 1,800 mg/kg that has a high probability of being
bioavailable. The most labile As forms occur at the southern part of the area, where the probability of exposure is higher
and the risk of human health increases in the same order. From the three studied potentially harmful elements, As is certainly
the element of concern. 相似文献
62.
As the number of biological invasions increases, the potential for invader-invader interactions also rises. The effect of multiple invaders can be superadditive (invasional meltdown), additive, or subadditive (invasional interference); which of these situations occurs has critical implications for prioritization of management efforts. Carduus nutans and C. acanthoides, two congeneric invasive weeds, have a striking, segregated distribution in central Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Possible hypotheses for this pattern include invasion history and chance, direct competition, or negative interactions mediated by other species, such as shared pollinators. To explore the role of resource competition in generating this pattern, we conducted three related experiments using a response-surface design throughout the life cycles of two cohorts. Although these species have similar niche requirements, we found no differential response to competition between conspecifics vs. congeners. The response to combined density was relatively weak for both species. While direct competitive interactions do not explain the segregated distributional patterns of these two species, we predict that invasions of either species singly, or both species together, would have similar impacts. When prioritizing which areas to target to prevent the spread of one of the species, it is better to focus on areas as yet unaffected by its congener; where the congener is already present, invasional interference makes it unlikely that the net effect will change. 相似文献
63.
da Cunha K. Moore Dias Dalia Pereira K. C. Guimarães J. R. D. Lima C. Nascimento J. E. C. Lima R. Hecht A. A. Fiel J. C. B. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(5):2037-2048
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The objective of this study was to assess worker exposure to mineral dust particles, and a metabolic model, based on the model adopted by ICRP, was applied... 相似文献
64.
Alexandre?C.?L.?Almeida Luiz?H.?Duczmal André?L.?F.?Can?adoEmail author Fabio?R.?da?Silva 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2018,25(2):257-275
Multiple data sources are essential to provide reliable information regarding the emergence of potential health threats, compared to single source methods. Spatial Scan Statistics have been adapted to analyze multivariate data sources, but only ad hoc procedures have been devised to address the problem of selecting the most likely cluster and computing its significance. In this work, information from multiple data sources of disease surveillance is incorporated to achieve more coherent spatial cluster detection using tools from multi-criteria analysis. The best cluster solutions are found by maximizing two objective functions simultaneously, based on the concept of dominance. To evaluate the statistical significance of solutions, a statistical approach based on the concept of attainment function is used. The multi-criteria approach has several advantages: the representation of the evaluation function for each data source is clear, and does not suffer from an artificial, and possibly confusing mixture with the other data source evaluations; it is possible to attribute, in a rigorous way, the statistical significance of each candidate cluster; and it is possible to analyze and pick-up the best cluster solutions, as given naturally by the non-dominated set. The methodology is illustrated with real datasets. 相似文献
65.
In the Harghita volcanic range (Romania) there are many occurrences of dry CO(2) emanations, called mofettes. The emanating gas with high carbon dioxide content has a proved curative effect. The gas also contains important quantities of radon. Since the mofettes are used in curative purposes in several illnesses, in most of the cases without medical supervising, has been proposed to determine the radon activity concentration in some of the most frequented mofettes from Romania. The seasonal variations have also been monitored and were calculated the effective doses received by the patients during a cure. The radon activity concentrations' levels above the mofettes indoor air range between 548 and 10 717Bq/m(3) while within the gas pools' values between 3210 and 32 781Bq/m(3) have been measured. The effective dose received by the patients during a cure is between 0.0086 and 0.16mSv. No major seasonal variations of the radon activity concentrations levels have been pointed out so far in the studied mofettes. 相似文献
66.
Bazała MA Gołda K Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska G 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(7):1200-1202
We present a new protocol to study fluxes of radionuclides and other xenobiotics in saprophytic fungi. This simple method has successfully been used to evaluate transport of radiocesium in hyphae of Pleurotus eryngii and its translocation to fruitbodies. 相似文献
67.
Lúcio Costa Proença Enedir Ghisi Davi da Fonseca TavaresGabriel Marcon Coelho 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(11):960-965
Nowadays, it is very important that water and energy resources are used appropriately as this is a challenge to promote sustainable development. In some sectors, such as water and sewerage utilities, energy consumption depends on water consumption. The main objective of this work is to estimate the potential for electricity savings in a water and sewerage utility by reducing potable water consumption in the residential, commercial and public sectors in the city of Florianópolis, southern Brazil. These three sectors account for 98.9% of the total water consumption in the city. By using data related to energy consumption and costs that apply to the local water utility for water and sewage treatment, and also the potential for potable water savings over the three sectors, it is possible to estimate the potential for energy savings by reducing potable water consumption and sewage treatment. Potable water savings were estimated by using data available in the literature about water end-uses for different types of buildings located in Florianópolis. Three options were considered: installing dual-flush toilets, reusing greywater and using rainwater. The average potential for potable water savings were 30.0%, 53.4% and 60.3%, respectively, for the residential, commercial and public sectors. Thus, the average potable water savings amount to about 10,153,835 m3/year, and the electricity savings amount to 4.4 GW h/year, which would be enough to supply 1217 houses or flats in Florianópolis, with an average energy consumption of 300 kW h/month. 相似文献
68.
Certified management systems have increasingly been applied by firms in recent decades and now cover the management of health and safety, principally through the OHSAS 18001 standard. In order to become certified, firms must not only observe the relevant legislation, but also improve performance and raise goals within health and safety on a continuous basis. The article examines how certified occupational and health management systems influence this process to evaluate how far they hinder or support learning. It presents a model with which it is possible to identify and analyse improvement processes. The model is applied to five cases from a qualitative study of Danish manufacturers with certified health and safety management systems. The cases illustrate the wide variation in health and safety management among certified firms.Certification is found to support lower levels of continuous improvement performance in handling health and safety issues. However, more advanced improvement practices are shown to be connected to the integration of health and safety in other managerial areas, as well as to the employment of similar advanced improvement processes within firms. The article argues that certified health and safety management does not obstruct learning, and can support advanced learning. Improvement practices with regard to health and safety are mainly dependent upon the firm’s overall organisational processes and do not automatically arise from the standard alone. 相似文献
69.
Fumian Tulio Machado Ferreira Fernando César de Andrade Juliana da Silva Ribeiro Canal Natália Silva Gomes Gabriela Teixeira Lilian Borges Miagostovich Marize Pereira 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(4):553-559
Food and Environmental Virology - Norovirus is a major cause of foodborne-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide. Usually, food products are contaminated either during... 相似文献
70.
Soares Jéssica Maria Alexandre da Silva Júnior Elenildo Dário Oliveira de Veras Bruno Yara Ricardo de Albuquerque Priscilla Barbosa Sales de Souza Marthyna Pessoa 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(1):217-231
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Bioactive biodegradable films are emerging biomaterials in the food packaging field. This study aims to investigate the effect of different Cenostigma... 相似文献