开发区土地集约利用评价——以辽宁炮台经济开发区为例

综合调查分析大连市炮台开发区土地集约利用现状,建立土地集约利用评价指标体系,利用特尔斐法确定指标权重,进而计算土地集约利用度,并分别从扩展潜力、结构潜力、强度潜力、管理潜力四个方面计算土地集约利用强度。综合分析土地集约利用度与土地集约利用潜力强度计算结果表明,炮台开发区土地集约度分值达到86．16％,土地集约利用水平较高,土地利用强度潜力较小。未来土地利用潜力主要为扩展潜力,不存在管理潜力,从而对炮台开发区未来发展土地集约利用提出相应建议与措施。     

湿地生态系统基质重金属积累与酶活性的研究现状

湿地生态系统具有净化污水的功能,因其具有高效低耗等优点,在污水处理方面极具开发应用前景,而基质作为湿地生态系统重要组成部分,已成为众多学者的研究热点。本文综合分析了湿地生态系统基质中重金属积累和酶活性的时空分布及影响因素的研究现状,并对相关研究提出了新的认识与展望,以期为湿地生态系统基质去除废水中重金属的深入研究和应用提供综合分析资料。     

Development Potentials and Policy Options of Biomass in China

Biomass, one of the most important renewable energies, is playing and will continue to play an important role in the future energy structure of the world. This article aims to analyze the position and role, assess the resource availability, discuss the geographic distribution, market scale and industry development, and present the policy options of biomass in China. The resource availability and geographical distribution of biomass byproducts are assessed in terms of crop residues, manure, forest and wood biomass byproducts, municipal waste and wastewater. The position of biomass use for power generation is just next to hydropower among types of renewable energy in China. The potential quantity of all biomass byproducts energy in 2004 is 3511 Mtce (Mtce is the abbreviation of million tons of coal equivalents and 1 Mtce is equal to10⁶ tce.), while the acquirable quantity is 460 Mtce. Biomass energy plays a critical role in rural regions of China. The geographical distribution and quantity of biomass byproducts resources depends mainly on the relationship between ecological zones and climate conditions. Our estimation shows that the total quantity of crop residues, manure, forest and wood biomass byproducts, municipal waste and wastewater resources are 728, 3926, 2175, 155 and 48240 Mt (million tons), respectively. Crop residues come mainly from the provinces of Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Sichuan. All manure is mainly located in the provinces of Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and Hunan. Forest and wood biomass byproducts are mainly produced in the provinces or autonomous regions of Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, while most of municipal waste mainly comes from Guangdong, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Hubei and Jiangsu. Most of wastewater is largely discharged from advanced provinces like Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Henan. Biomass byproducts’ energy distribution also varies from province to province in China. Based on the analysis of the market scale and industry development, the article argues that China’s biomass energy industry is still at a very early stage of development and that Feed-in Tariffs (FIT) might be the best policy option for China to promote its development of biomass energy. A successful enforcement of FIT in China needs some policy combination of special capital subsidies, R&D funding, tax incentives and pricing.     

Evaluating Conservation Program Success with Landsat and SWAT

In the United States, many state and federally funded conservation programs are required to quantify the water quality benefits resulting from their efforts. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of conservation practices subsidized by the Oklahoma Conservation Commission on phosphorus and sediment loads to Lake Wister. Conservation practices designed to increase vegetative cover in grazed pastures were evaluated using Landsat imagery and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Several vegetative indices were derived from Landsat imagery captured before and after the implementation of conservation practices. Collectively, these indicators provided an estimate of the change in vegetative soil cover attributable to conservation practices in treated fields. Field characteristics, management, and changes in vegetative cover were used in the SWAT model to simulate sediment and phosphorus losses before and after practice implementation. Overall, these conservation practices yielded a 1.9% improvement in vegetative cover and a predicted sediment load reduction of 3.5%. Changes in phosphorus load ranged from a 1.0% improvement to a 3.5% increase, depending upon initial vegetative conditions. The use of fertilizers containing phosphorus as a conservation practice in low-productivity pastures was predicted by SWAT to increase net phosphorus losses despite any improvement in vegetative cover. This combination of vegetative cover analysis and hydrologic simulation was a useful tool for evaluating the effects of conservation practices at the basin scale and may provide guidance for the selection of conservation measures subsidized in future conservation programs.     

安徽砀山水果产区近十年气候变化的R/S分析

基于1996—2005年的地面气象资料,应用R/S方法对砀山近十年平气温、降水和日照量等气候要素进行了分析。结果表明,砀山年平均气温、极端最高气温和极端最低气温均呈下降趋势,年降水量呈上升趋势,年日照量变化和缓,且具有较强的持续性。气候要素年际季节变化趋势表现为:冬、夏季平均温差减小,气温年较差有减小的趋势;降水夏季增加,其他各季节平均降水变率减小,各季节平均日照量变率减小。     

基于公众认知的地质遗迹保护与开发——以泰山地质公园为例

随着遗产旅游与遗产产业的兴起,以保护地质遗迹为主旨的地质公园如雨后春笋般在国内外发展起来。采取了走访、实地调查和问卷调查相结合的方式,了解公众对地质遗迹的认知状况,分析了影响地质公园相关知识认知的因素,并为地质遗迹相关知识的普及和推广提出了合理化建议,对地质遗迹的保护与开发具有重要意义。     

基于主成分分析法的武汉城市圈区域协调发展研究

在"两型社会"背景下,如何实现武汉城市圈的快速发展及圈内的协调发展是促进武汉城市圈建设与发展的重要内容,也是构建中国中部区域板块新经济增长极的必然选择。采用统计数据、利用主成分分析法对武汉城市圈区域经济发展进行评价,利用数学模型对武汉城市圈区域发展的不平衡性与区域差异性进行分析,在此基础上提出发展地方特色经济,加强区域经济间的联系,实现产业一体化与经济一体化,建立统一的监督机构,实现武汉城市圈的协调发展。     

输美轮胎特保案对中国贸易的影响及对策

分析了2009年9月26日美国对中国轮胎进口实施的特别保护措施,运用国际贸易和国际经济学的相关理论,对美国轮胎特保法案进行了剖析。在目前中美轮胎贸易情况下,从宏观和微观的角度探讨了轮胎贸易顺差形成的原因,以及长期和短期内对中国经济的影响,并对中国轮胎出口贸易提出了几点政策建议。     

雾化介质阻挡放电联合电晕放电对染料溶液脱色研究

实验将介质阻挡放电与电晕放电组合在一个反应器内,以靛蓝二磺酸钠溶液为实验废水,将高压电极上通入50Hz交流高压电,在常压空气中形成介质阻挡放电-电晕放电系统,放电产生的低温等离子体及其活性基团作用于染料分子。考察了电源电压、电极间距、处理时间对染料溶液脱色率和能量效率水平的影响,确定反应器工作状态为介质阻挡放电系统电极间距30mm、电晕放电系统电极间距25mm、电源电压20kV。