Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.     

Detecting forest landcape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen eoniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Boundaries between different forest types in Changbai Mountain Eatern China are results from complex interactions between forest ecosystems,topogrphy,and geomorphology.Detecting and quantifying the transitional zones are highly important since high environmental beterogeneity and biodiversity are ofter found within these zpmes.In this study,we used GIS and multivariate statistics techniques(PCA and MSWA) to analyze data from Landsat TM satellite imageries and quantitatively determined the positions and widths of the landscape boundary betweeen mountain birch and evergreen coniferous forests in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.The results showed that the widths of the landscape boundary ranges from 30-50 m while using the MWW A or/and PC method.Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggest a 50m tranistional zone width.The results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries.MSWA is more reliable than PCA,while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.     

生物炭降解苯和甲苯混合废气性能研究

该研究以生物炭为过滤介质 ,探讨过滤塔降解气流中苯、甲苯的生物降解性能 .实验表明 ,在总有机负荷低于 3 5 0 g/ (h·m3)、停留时间 1 5～ 90s的实验条件下 ,滤塔对苯和甲苯混合气体有较好的降解性能 ,苯、甲苯的最大削减能力分别为 1 2 0 g/ (h·m3)和 1 5 0 g/ (h·m3) ,甲苯比苯更易被微生物降解 .滤塔中CO2 生成量随苯、甲苯降解量的增加而增加 ,但实验增长速率小于理论增长速率 .菌落分析表明 ,滤塔中微生物主要有真菌、杆菌、芽孢杆菌 ,其中芽孢杆菌为优势菌种 .根据吸附 生物降解机理 ,建立了VOCs去除模型 ,并予以验证 .     

城市垃圾渗滤液氨氮吹脱研究

本文从相平衡与气液传质速率两方面对城市垃圾渗滤液 NH+4-N吹脱工艺的主要影响因素进行了理论分析 ,并在 Φ75 0 mm填料塔中对渗滤液的 p H值、喷淋密度以及液气比进行了实验研究 ,获得了适宜的操作条件。     

Mercury consumption and contamination of environment in gold mining in China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｇｏｌｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｇｒｏｗｓｕｐｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｒａｔｅｏｆａｂｏｕｔ 10 %ｓｉｎｃｅ 90’ｓ.Ｉｎ 1995,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｏｌｄｗａｓｏｖｅｒ10 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ,ａｎｄｉｎ 1996ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ 12 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ .Ｉｔｉｓｒａｎｋｅｄｓｉｘｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ(Ｃｈａｎｇ ,1995) .Ｔｈｅｉｒｍａｉｎｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓｏｆｇｏｌｄｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅ :(1)ｃｙａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｏｔａｌｏｒｅ ｃａｒｂｏ…     

久效磷在黄河水体沉积物中的吸附特征及机理

研究了黄河水体沉积物对有机磷农药久效磷的吸附特性及机理 ,结果表明 ,沉积物对黄河水中久效磷的吸附符合 L angmuir和 Freundlich等温式 ,是分配作用和表面吸附共同作用的结果。对分配作用和表面吸附在沉积物吸附久效磷中的相对贡献率进行了定量描述 :它们均为浓度的函数 ,吸附作用以分配作用为主。     

环境价值评估方法综述

对目前国内外的环境价值评估方法进行了综述，并提出了一套适合我国国情的价值评估方法，该方法分为１４类２９个指标，作为完善我国环境价值评估体系的一种建议提出。     

推行清洁生产 走持续发展之路

江苏油田试采一厂采油七队用清洁生产的观点，规范管理，在推行清洁生产中摸索经验，提出油田实施清洁生产的建议，取得了良好的环境效益和经济效益。     

太湖水质时空分布特征及内源释放规律研究

将太湖 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年的水质监测数据与空间数据相结合 ,采用基于因子分析的主成分分析方法将太湖的水质参数概括为 5个主成分 ,提取并反证了湖泊水质各个主成分的科学内涵 ,分别为 :水体营养指数 (F1)、富营养化指数 (F2 )、水体溶解氧指数 (F3 )、水体色度指数 (F4)和水体酸碱指数 (F5 ) ;研究了各主成分的空间分布特征和随时间的变化规律 .在室内环形水槽内模拟了水动力条件下太湖底泥的起动规律 ,得到了太湖底泥在 3种不同起动标准 (个别动、少量动、普遍动 )下的起动流速 ,并利用泥沙起动的理论模型给予了验证 ,最后得出太湖底泥在 3种不同起动标准下的起动流速分别为 :3 7.9cm·s- 1 ,46 7cm·s- 1 ,5 9 8cm·s- 1 .通过考察上覆水中TN、TP浓度的变化 ,建立了底泥中TN、TP释放率与水体流速的定量化关系 .并将太湖水量水质的同步监测资料应用在数学模型中 ,解决了以往模型中底泥释放率取为常数的不足 ,取得了较好的效果     

对水体中有机污染综合指标及其相互间的关系探研

通过对水体中各有机污染综合指标的含义及各指标测定方法条件控制的论述,阐明了各指标间的相互关系,对我们在水质监测中的质量控制、数据的综合分析和判断有一定的指导意义。