上海城市绿地景观异质性分析

选取贯穿上海外环线内绿地景观的8条样线，借助数学的方法，研究绿地景观要素的构成、线性分布等特征，从而找出了上海城市绿地景观的异质性状况，并对今后的规划建设提出了建议。     

长江口南支重金属分布研究

对长江口南支采集的水样、悬沙和表层沉积物中的重金属含量进行了分析。结果表明，悬浮物中重金属含量高于表层沉积物，且2者远高于水相中重金属含量。大多数重金属元素间都有良好的相关性。水相中重金属含量由内向外呈轻微的浓度变化；悬浮物中重金属含量逐渐降低；表层沉积物中重金属含量向长江口外有降低趋势，介在长江口门处出现高浓度。河口重金属的分布受到离子交换、吸附、解吸、释释以及水动力等诸多因素的影响。     

日光辐射对大气真菌粒子的影响

大气中真菌粒子的衰亡和净化，除与真菌自身的因素有关外，与日光辐射也有密切关系。此文现场观测了日光辐射对大气真菌粒子的影响。结果表明，一天内大气真菌粒子浓度与日光辐射强度呈反比：大气真菌粒数直径中值与日光辐射强度呈正比：随着日光辐射强度的增大，＜３．０μｍ的大气真菌粒子，其浓度减小的速度比＞３．０μｍ的快。     

北京市2005年夏季大气颗粒物污染特征及影响因素

对2005年7～8月北京市不同功能区8个采样点PM10和PM2.5的浓度水平、空间分布、PM10/PM2.5比值进行了分析,并讨论了PM10和PM2.5的日变化特征及影响因素.结果表明,北京市夏季PM10和PM2.5日均浓度为155.37 μg/m3和87.70 μg/m3,分别为国家二级标准和美国PM2.5标准的1.04倍和1.35倍;PM2.5、PM10浓度在不同功能区存在一定差异;PM2.5和PM10的日变化以白天高,夜间低为主,且不同功能区的最高值对应于城市居民活动的不同高峰期;在湿度较高的情况下,PM2.5、PM10与湿度呈一定正相关性,且湿度对PM2.5的影响更大;降水前后PM2.5、PM10浓度变化情况表明降水的主要作用是清除粗粒子,对PM2.5的影响则较小.     

Heavy metals in soils and crops in Southeast Asia

In a reconnaisance soil geochemical and plant survey undertaken to study the heavy metal uptake by major food crops in Malaysia, 241 soils were analysed for cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon (C), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and available phosphorus (P) using appropriate procedures. These soils were also analysed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) using aqua regia digestion, together with 180 plant samples using nitric acid digestion. Regression analysis between the edible plant part and aqua regia soluble soil As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations sampled throughout Peninsular Malaysia, indicated a positive relationship for Pb in all the plants sampled in the survey (R2 = 0.195, p < 0.001), for Ni in corn (R2 = 0.649, p < 0.005), for Cu in chili (R2 = 0.344, p < 0.010) and for Zn in chili (R2 = 0.501, p < 0.001). Principal component analysis of the soil data suggested that concentrations of Co, Ni, Pb and Zn were strongly correlated with concentrations of Al and Fe, which is suggestive of evidence of background variations due to changes in soil mineralogy. Thus the evidence for widespread contamination of soils by these elements through agricultural activities is not strong. Chromium was correlated with soil pH and EC, Na, S, and Ca while Hg was not correlated with any of these components, suggesting diffuse pollution by aerial deposition. However As, Cd, Cu were strongly associated with organic matter and available and aqua regia soluble soil P, which we attribute to inputs in agricultural fertilisers and soil organic amendments (e.g. manures, composts).     

对硝基苯胺-N,N-二甲基苯胺光度法测定痕量亚硝酸盐

用对硝基苯胺-N,N-二甲基苯胺光度法测定痕量亚硝酸盐,比重氮偶合比色法灵敏度高(ε=5.29×10~4),选择性好,试剂溶液稳定。在0—11μg/50ml范围内服从比尔定律。     

生态学理念在城市化进程战略环境评价中的应用

城市化，生活化是人类历史发展的必然趋势，城市化进程中，SEA是实施城市可持续发展战略的有效工具，在城市化进程SEA中引入以可持续发展为核心的生态学理论是引导城市环境协调发展的重要一环，本文探讨了生态学理论在SEA中运用，为保证城市的持续有序发展，在城市化进程中，SEA应充分考虑环境可持续性，社会可持续性，经济可持续性，土地可持续性。     

经济发达城市全面建成小康社会环境目标指标研究——以深圳市为例

从深圳新形势下率先全面建成更高水平的小康社会的发展和公众需求分析入手,分析当前全面建成小康社会的环境进程和构建全面小康环境目标指标体系的必要性.基于全过程、全覆盖、惠民性和衔接性考虑,提出应尊重深圳当前所处社会经济与环境阶段,遵守全过程防控思路,以人口、区域全覆盖和环境要素全面改善为工作核心,建立全社会行动体系,确立更严标准、更高质量的全面建成小康环境目标,构建包含源头防控、治污减排、质量提升、社会参与的全面建成小康社会环境指标体系.     

12种杀菌剂制剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂的急性毒性及安全性评价

采用试管药膜法测定了12种杀菌剂制剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的急性接触毒性,结合安全性系数评价了供试药剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂的安全性。急性毒性测定结果表明,氟硅唑和啶菌噁唑对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的接触毒性最高,LC50值分别为220.022和223.115 mg·L-1;其次为多抗霉素、丙森锌和戊唑醇,LC50值分别为436.496、472.358和638.638 mg·L-1;其余7种杀菌剂制剂嘧霉胺、啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、嘧菌环胺和异菌脲对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的触杀毒性都较低,LC50值均大于1 000 mg·L-1。安全性评价结果表明,丙森锌和啶菌噁唑对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂具有高风险性,安全系数分别为0.16和0.42;嘧霉胺、多抗霉素、氟硅唑和戊唑醇为中等风险性,安全系数分别为1.43、1.56、2.20和3.23;其余6种杀菌剂制剂啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、嘧菌环胺和异菌脲对半闭弯尾姬蜂表现为低风险性,安全系数均大于5。结果显示:甾醇脱甲基抑制剂氟硅唑、戊唑醇和啶菌噁唑以及苯胺基嘧啶类杀菌剂嘧霉胺、有机硫杀菌剂丙森锌和抗菌素多抗霉素对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂具有急性毒性风险,在有害生物综合治理中应谨慎使用,特别是啶菌噁唑和丙森锌,以免对半闭弯尾姬蜂造成不良影响和危害。     

Study on the aerosol optical properties and their relationship with aerosol chemical compositions over three regional background stations in China

The special and temporal characteristics of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom wavelength exponent (Alpha) and their relationship with aerosol chemical compositions were analyzed by using the data of CE318 sun-photometer and aerosol sampling instruments at Lin'an, Shangdianzi and Longfengshan regional atmospheric background stations. Having the highest AOD among the three stations, Lin'an shows two peaks in a year. The AOD at Shangdianzi station shows a single annual peak with an obvious seasonal variation. The AOD at Longfengshan station has obvious seasonal variation which peaks in spring. The Alpha analysis suggests that the aerosol sizes in Lin'an, Longfengshan and Shangdianzi change from fine to coarse categories. The relationship between the aerosol optical depths of the Lin'an and Longfengshan stations and their chemical compositions is not significant, which suggests that there is not a simple linear relationship between column aerosol optical depth and the near surface chemical compositions of atmospheric aerosols. The aerosol optical depth may be affected by the chemical composition, the particle size and the shape of aerosol as well as the water vapor in the atmosphere.