Translocation of threatened plants as a conservation measure in China

We assessed the current status of plant conservation translocation efforts in China, a topic poorly reported in recent scientific literature. We identified 222 conservation translocation cases involving 154 species, of these 87 were Chinese endemic species and 101 (78%) were listed as threatened on the Chinese Species Red List. We categorized the life form of each species and, when possible, determined for each case the translocation type, propagule source, propagule type, and survival and reproductive parameters. A surprisingly large proportion (26%) of the conservation translocations in China were conservation introductions, largely implemented in response to large‐scale habitat destruction caused by the Three‐Gorge Dam and another hydropower project. Documentation and management of the translocations varied greatly. Less than half the cases had plant survival records. Statistical analyses showed that survival percentages were significantly correlated with plant life form and the type of planting materials. Thirty percent of the cases had records on whether or not individuals flowered or fruited. Results of information theoretic model selection indicated that plant life form, translocation type, propagule type, propagule source, and time since planting significantly influenced the likelihood of flowering and fruiting on the project level. We suggest that the scientific‐based application of species conservation translocations should be promoted as part of a commitment to species recovery management. In addition, we recommend that the common practice of within and out of range introductions in nature reserves to be regulated more carefully due to its potential ecological risks. We recommend the establishment of a national office and database to coordinate conservation translocations in China. Our review effort is timely considering the need for a comprehensive national guideline for the newly announced nation‐wide conservation program on species with extremely small populations, which is expected to stimulate conservation translocations for many species in the near future.     

Effect of composition and microstructure of humic acid on 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl sorption

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The fate and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a class of persistent organic compounds, in soils was markedly affected by their...     

Of parks and politics: the production of socio-nature in a Gujarati town

Urban parks in India are often discussed as positive environmental projects, and their creation appears as unproblematic in public discourse. This paper presents the creation of a municipal park in a small city in Gujarat, India. Using insights from history and architecture, we stress the importance of reading parks as political and to some extent ideological projects in the larger context of city-making. The political ecology and history of the particular park studied here allow us to problematise the socio-ecological project of urban “beautification” via park creation. The municipal park, established in the centre of a small urban agglomeration after displacing a slum settlement from the site, is – as we argue – an integral part of a local geography of power. As such it expresses several registers of values upheld by local elites and brings into focus highly conflictive social relations. The case study contributes to further developing a situated urban political ecological approach that starts theorising cities from the South. It moreover offers a critical perspective on the understudied urban nature of small towns.     

石油天然气行业应对温室气体减排政策及措施

积极减排温室气体应对气候变化已经成为石油天然气行业的共识。文章介绍了2011年以来最新的国际和国内应对气候变化的政策环境,分析其对我国石油天然气行业的影响,特别强调国务院《"十二五"控制温室气体排放工作方案》对石油天然气行业的引导作用。在此基础上还提出积极参与行业碳减排政策研究、注重低碳经济发展规划、抓住低碳经济重点发展领域、积极呼应碳金融和碳交易的发展趋势、注重天然气应用技术开发、加强余热余压回收节能等发展低碳经济的建议。     

药渣残留泰乐菌素的酶促降解特性

发酵法生产泰乐菌素过程中产生的药渣,因残留泰乐菌素的存在,会对环境造成不利影响。采用富集驯化方法,从堆放泰乐菌素药渣附近土壤中筛选到1株高效降解泰乐菌素的菌株,经16S rDNA鉴定为无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌（Citrobacter amalonaticus）。该菌产生的降解泰乐菌素的主要酶是胞内组成酶。单因素实验结果显示,该酶降解泰乐菌素适宜的条件为温度35℃、pH 5.5、加酶量12%和初始底物浓度低于20 mg/L。多因素正交实验结果显示,温度对泰乐菌素的降解率影响较大。     

混凝-纳滤集成工艺深度处理脱墨废水简

采用混凝-纳滤工艺对脱墨废水生化出水进行深度处理。实验结果表明，当聚合氯化铝的投加量为100 mg/L时，废水中污染物的综合去除性能最佳，其中浊度去除率达91%，色度去除率达74%。采用4种相同材质、不同切割分子量的纳滤膜进一步深度处理后，出水达到《再生水质标准（SL368-2006）》中锅炉用水控制指标的要求。     

Sorption of chlorimuron-ethyl on montmorillonite clays: effects of exchangeable cations,pH, and ionic strength

Sorption interaction of chlorimuron-ethyl with montmorillonite clays was investigated under varied types of exchangeable cation, pH, and ionic strength conditions. Chlorimuron-ethyl sorption on bentonites exhibited pronounced cation dependency, and the sorption ability increased as the sequence Ca²⁺- < Na⁺- < Al³⁺- < Fe³⁺-bentonite, due to different sorption mechanisms, whereas the cation dependency was influenced by the clay type and much weaker for montmorillonites. The decrease of pH at the range of 4.0–6.0 prominently increased sorption of chlorimuron-ethyl on all cation-exchanged montmorillonite clays, and nearly a neglected sorption (about 2 %) can be observed at pH over 7.0. In the presence of CaCl₂, sorption of chlorimuron-ethyl on Fe³⁺-bentonite was promoted because of complexion of Ca²⁺ and the surface of Fe³⁺-bentonite. However, as the concentration of CaCl₂ increased, chlorimuron-ethyl sorption on Ca²⁺- and Fe³⁺-exchanged bentonite decreased, suggesting that Ca bridging was not the prevailing mechanism for sorption of chlorimuron-ethyl on these clays. Furthermore, chlorimuron-ethyl sorption was relatively sensitive to pH, and the change of pH may obscure effect of other factors on the sorption, so it was quite necessary to control pH at a constant value when the effect of other factor was being studied.     

利用MFC阳极室暗发酵培养沼泽红假单胞菌

为了克服光合细菌光培养时的光衰减及高能耗等问题,考查了将微生物燃料电池(MFC)作为培养装置黑暗培养光合细菌的可行性。结果表明,MFC有利于菌株W1的优势生长,接种3 d后MFC内光合细菌浓度即可达到715 mg/L,而空白系统中不到308 mg/L。荧光原位杂交分析表明,MFC体系中的杂菌含量小于4%,远低于空白的33%。利用MFC进行光合细菌培养时,最大输出电压和最大输出功率可分别达到487 mV和56 mW/m2。MFC促进光合细菌生长的原因可能在于对体系兼氧环境的维持,在MFC体系中氧化还原电位始终处于200~-300 mV之间,有利于兼氧光合细菌的优势生长。