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11.
Nobuo Mimura Kazuya Yasuhara Seiki Kawagoe Hiromune Yokoki So Kazama 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(7):803-818
The Tohoku region, Northeast Japan, was hit by a gigantic earthquake which occurred in the Pacific close to Tohoku, and subsequently
by a giant tsunami. These hazards have caused huge damage on the eastern coast Japan. The earthquake’s magnitude was 9.0,
the strongest ever recorded in Japan. The tsunami was also historical as its run-up height reached over 39 m. As of early
May, 2011, over 24 thousand people were reported as dead or missing. Moreover, serious accidents at the Fukushima Nuclear
Power Plants No.1 were caused by the effects of the tsunami. Therefore, the damage faced by Japanese people can be seen as
a giant composite disaster. Although Japan, and the northeast of Japan in particular, has over a long time period increased
its preparedness against earthquakes and tsunamis, huge damage still occurred. This paper considers why this tragedy occurred,
and what unrecognized factors contributed to the high vulnerability of the area. To assist in answering such questions, this
paper presents a timely report of the features of the earthquake and tsunami, the damage they caused, and the early efforts
for recovery and reconstruction. 相似文献
12.
Regular sea urchins, which have pentaradial symmetry, have been believed to show no preference in which part of the body forward
they proceed with. Through use of circular statistics, we show that the regular sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus had no preference with respect to what body part, as determined by Lovén’s system, should be anterior in locomotion. The
sea urchins, however, preferably proceeded with the body part, which had contacted with the aquarium walls at rest, forward.
When the contact part was artificially altered, the body part facing forward in the following proceeding changed accordingly:
the animals walked with the part that had contacted last forward. The biological significance of this behavior was discussed
in relation to the aggregation formation and homing behavior. 相似文献
13.
Vagile animals usually have bilaterally symmetrical bodies and proceed with their mouth-end first. Regular sea urchins have,
however, radially symmetrical bodies with their mouth facing the substratum and show no preference in which side of the body
should be anterior in their locomotion. The elliptical sea urchins in the subfamily Echinometrinae are exceptional among regular
sea urchins in having elongated bilateral bodies. We studied whether they showed the preference in the direction of locomotion
using Echinometra sp. type A. Directional preference was not observed in the proceedings in an open space. However, they proceeded preferentially
with their long axis coinciding with the direction of locomotion when they moved along the water surface or along the wall
of the aquarium. The speed of locomotion was the same irrespective of the direction of proceedings and of whether sea urchins
moved freely or moved along the water surface or along the walls. We suggest that the bilateral body form and the habit of
long-axis lead of this sea urchin have adaptive significance to increase the protected body surfaces, not to facilitate the
efficiency in locomotion. 相似文献
14.
Climate change impacts on a large-scale erosion coast of Hai Hau district,Vietnam and the adaptation
Do Minh Duc Kazuya Yasuhara Nguyen Manh Hieu Nguyen Chau Lan 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2017,21(1):47-62
Among the effects of global warming, sea level rise (SLR) and severe typhoons pose the greatest threat to the stability of human settlements along coastlines. Therefore, countermeasures must be developed to mitigate the influences of strong typhoons and persistent SLR for coastal protection. This study assesses climate change impacts on coastal erosion, especially in two projected SLR scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. The results show that SLR and severe typhoons lead to the increase of coastal erosion, beach lowering and scour. Moreover, as in projected SLR scenarios, average waves in high tide can cause severe soil erosion at inner slopes and lead to dyke failure by 2060. The paper highlights the need for additional countermeasures to protect the coast of Hai Hau district against SLR and severe typhoons. Among the alternatives available for countering these threats, applying soil stabilization and soil improvement combined with geosynthetics are promising strategies for coastal structures. Hybrid structures can be used with earth reinforcement and soil improvement. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of multiple protective adaptations, including geosynthetics and ecological engineering measures against climate change-induced severe erosion on the coast of Hai Hau district. 相似文献
15.
The leaching behavior of dioxins from landfill containing bottom ash and fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration has been investigated by leaching tests with pure water, non-ionic surfactant solutions, ethanol solutions, or acetic acid solutions as elution solvents for a large-scale cylindrical column packed with ash. Larger amounts of dioxins were eluted from both bottom ash and fly ash with ethanol solution and acetic acid solution than with pure water. Large quantities of dioxins were leached from fly ash but not bottom ash by non-ionic surfactant solutions. The patterns of distribution of the dioxin congeners in the leachates were very similar to those in the bottom ash or fly ash from which they were derived. 相似文献
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18.
Volatile components in mussels were isolated by freeze vacuum distillation and over 100 components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phenylalkanes were newly detected. Several halogenated compounds were observed. 相似文献
19.
Poly(pheniothiazine) films were prepared on a porous carbon felt (CF) electrode surface by an electrooxidative polymerization of
three phenothiazine derivatives (i.e.,Tthionine (TN), Toluidine Blue (TB) and Methylene Blue (MB)) from 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer
solution (pH 7.0). Among the three phenothiazies, the poly(TB) film-modified CF exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for
the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) at +0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The poly(TB) film-modified CF
was successfully used as working electrode unit of highly sensitive amperometric flow-through detector for NADH. The peak currents
(peak heights) were almost unchanged, irrespective of a carrier flow rate ranging from 2.0 to 4.1 mL/min, resulting in the measurement
of NADH (ca. 30 samples/hr) at 4.1 mL/min. The peak current responses of NADH showed linear relationship over the concentration
range from 1 to 30 mol/L (sensitivity: 0.318 A/( mol/L); correlation coefficient: 0.997). The lower detection limit was found to be
0.3 mol/L (S/N = 3). 相似文献
20.