双酚A分子印迹聚合物的制备及其在水相中的吸附性能

以双酚A (BPA)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,沉淀聚合法制备了BPA的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs).聚合物在BPA超纯水溶液中的吸附实验结果表明,MIPs对BPA的吸附量和吸附速率大于非印迹聚合物.通过Scatchard分析,MIPs对BPA的最大表观吸附...     

用生命周期的方法评价铜炉渣作为铜选矿原料的环境影响

运用生命周期评价的方法，分别对铜炉渣和铜矿石回收铜的选矿过程的环境协调性进行了对比研究，得到了选矿生产过程中各工序的环境负荷数据。评价结果表明，铜炉渣的人类健康损害、生态系统损害和资源损害分别为0.20783、0.00764和0.01919，而铜矿石的分别是0.08165、0.0075和0.08857，铜炉渣生产铜的资源损害比铜矿石低，而人类健康损害和生态系统损害比铜矿石高，铜炉渣选矿生产过程每生产1 kg渣精矿的环境负荷约为铜矿石的1.32倍。随着国内铜精矿供应缺口的增大，从铜炉渣中回收铜资源将显著地提高资源利用率，有利于循环经济的发展。     

竹材加工剩余物制备竹活性炭及其对Pb^2＋的吸附性能

利用竹材加工剩余物竹蔸、竹节和竹枝制备竹炭,再以H3PO4为活化剂,在活化温度为700 ℃和不同的H3PO4浓度下进行活化制备竹活性炭,测定了吸附性能最强的竹活性炭在不同吸附时间和Pb2+初始浓度下对Pb2+的吸附率,并进行了结构表征.结果表明,当H3PO4溶液质量分数为45%时,所制备的竹活性炭吸附性能最强,其中竹蔸活性炭的Pb2+吸附性能接近于商品活性炭;竹蔸活性炭吸附Pb2+的吸附时间在120～180 min为佳;根据Langmuir最大吸附量计算公式求得竹蔸活性炭最大吸附量为91.1 mg/g.竹枝炭、竹节炭与竹篼炭的孔隙度分别为0.656、0.698和0.740,竹枝活性炭、竹节活性炭与竹篼活性炭的孔隙度分别为0.690、0.715和0.755;竹篼炭和竹篼活性炭比表面积分别为110.354、462.069 m2/g,孔容分别为0.090、0.235 cm3/g,平均孔径分别为31.552、20.368 .     

多因素影响下SUFR系统除磷效果研究

在进水COD浓度控制在300～400 mg/L范围内,针对SRT、C/N和C/P 3个因素对TP的影响设计了正交实验,并在此基础上进行回归正交实验。实验结果显示：SRT、C/N、C/P 3个因素中SRT对厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷速率的影响最大,随着SRT的增大,系统除磷效率逐渐下降。C/N和C/P的增长使系统进水TN、TP浓...     

高温干发酵对互花米草产气和结构的影响

互花米草的疯长已带来严重的环境问题,厌氧发酵提供了一种资源化的解决途径.通过渗滤床高温、干式发酵互花米草,考察其产气特性;并通过元素分析、X-ray和FT-IR分析,考察干发酵及预处理对互花米草物化性质的影响.结果表明:60 d高温干发酵互花米草,累计产气量为280.9 mL/g VS(0℃);总TS与VS去除率分别为...     

Assessment of sampling designs to measure riverine fluxes from the Pearl River Delta, China to the South China Sea

The Pearl River Delta (PRD), located in South China and adjacent to the South China Sea, is comprised of a complicated hydrological system; therefore, it was a great challenge to sample adequately to measure fluxes of organic and inorganic materials to the coastal ocean. In this study, several sampling designs, including five-point (the number of sampling points along the river cross-section and three samples collected at the upper, middle, and bottom parts at each vertical line), three-point (at the middle and two other profiles), one-point (at the middle profile), and single-point (upper, middle, or bottom sub-sampling point at the middle profile) methods, were assessed using total organic carbon (TOC) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) as the measurables. Statistical analysis showed that the three- and five-point designs were consistent with one another for TOC measurements (p > 0.05). The three- and one-point sampling methods also yielded similar TOC results (95% of the differences within 10%). Single-point sampling yielded considerably larger errors than the three- and one-point designs, relative to the results from the five-point design, but sampling at the middle sub-point from the middle profile of a river achieved a relatively smaller error than sampling at the upper or bottom sub-point. Comparison of the sampling frequencies of 12 times a year, four times a year, and twice a year indicated that the frequency of twice a year was sufficient to acquire representative TOC data, but larger sample size and higher sampling frequency were deemed necessary to characterize SPM.     

微波炉快速测定城市污泥湿度的探讨

用额定电压为220 V、振荡频率为2 450 MHz、输出功率为800 W的微波炉对5～30 g城市污泥辐照2～30 min。由不同时间对城市污泥进行微波辐照后的质量损失率、残余湿度以及挥发性固体（VS）含量的变化表明：用微波炉可简便、快速地测定城市污泥的湿度。为提高微波炉测定湿度的准确性，应减少取样量，进行重复辐照，并根据相邻2次辐照导致的质量变化幅度逐次缩短辐照时间；在辐照过程中应避免引起样品突然释放大量VS，辐照至恒重为止。     

Energy and Economic flow in homegardens in Subtropical Yunnan,SW China: A case study on Sanjia village

We studied the energy and economic flow of six types of homegardens in Sanjia village, SW China. Our study showed that the energy input of six types of homegardens averaged 99.11-175.65 x 10¹⁰J/ha, the energy output was 102.30-159.83 x 10¹⁰J/ha and the ratio of input/output ranged between 1:0.880-1:1.416. The ratios of input to output of home-gardens that prioritized cultivation of crops were higher than for homegardens that prioritized animal husbandry or other economic activities. The economic ratio of input/ output of six types of homegardens varied between 1:0.997-1:1.376 and the economic output ranged between 2480.0-10131.5 RMB/yr. We concluded that the homegarden systems of Sanjia village are high in the input and output of energy and cash flow, and can provide a basis for designing models of farm economy in rural subtropical areas.     

Spatiotemporal evaluation of water quality incidents in Japan between 1996 and 2007

We present a spatiotemporal evaluation of water quality incidents in Japan considering incident numbers, incident causes, pollutant categories, and pollution effects. Water pollution incidents in first-class river systems almost tripled to about 1487 in the 12 years from 1996 to 2007. In addition, oil makes up the largest proportion of pollutants nationwide (76.61%) and the major source of pollution for each region in Japan. Moreover, every category shows a growth trend, especially since 2005. The main cause of incidents was “Unknown” (43%), followed by “Poor working practice” (24%), and then by “Accident” (10%) and “Other” (10%). In Hokuriku, however, the main cause of incidents was “Poor working practice” (36%), which is greater than “Unknown” (30%). Finally, waterworks (approximately 60%) was the largest of four kinds of water supply infrastructure affected by pollution incidents, followed by simplified waterworks. The population affected by offensive odors and tastes peaked in 1990 and has been decreasing. Overall, the results show the characteristics of incidents from 1996 to 2007, with significant implications for adaptation measures, strategies and policies to reduce water quality incidents.     

Experimental co-digestion of corn stalk and vermicompost to improve biogas production

Anaerobic co-digestion of corn stalk and vermicompost (VC) as well as mono-digestion of corn stalk were investigated. Batch mono-digestion experiments were performed at 35 ± 1 °C and initial total solid loading (TSL) ranged from 1.2% to 6.0%. Batch co-digestion experiments were performed at 35 ± 1 °C and initial TSL of 6% with VC proportions ranged from 20% to 80% of total solid (TS). For mono-digestion of corn stalk, a maximum methane yield of 217.60 ± 13.87 mL/g TS_added was obtained at initial TSL of 4.8%, and acidification was found at initial TSL of 6.0% with the lowest pH value of 5.10 on day 4. Co-digestion improved the methane yields by 4.42–58.61% via enhancing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration and pH value compared with mono-digestion of corn stalk. The maximum biogas yield of 410.30 ± 11.01 mL/g TS_added and methane yield of 259.35 ± 13.85 mL/g TS_added were obtained for 40% VC addition. Structure analysis by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) showed that the lowest crystallinity of 35.04 of digested corn stalk was obtained from co-digestion with 40% VC, which decreased 29.4% compared to 49.6 obtained from un-treated corn stalk. It is concluded that co-digestion with VC is beneficial for improving biodigestibility and methane yield from corn stalk.