新型抗风振、耐腐蚀铰链式接续线夹的研究

本文通过实地考察,针对接续线夹发生腐蚀失效的现象进行分析,研制新型接续线夹,并通过机械拉力试验、电阻试验、温升试验、盐雾腐蚀试验对新型接续线夹的性能进行分析研究,证实新型接续线夹性能较现有线夹优异。     

流量分布系数对低压热释放速率测量的影响

热释放速率是反映火灾规模的重要参数,但高海拔低压地区可燃物燃烧的热释放速率测量一直未得到有效解决。为此,引入烟气管道流量分布系数,并对其进行低压修正,基于耗氧原理分析了低压条件下可燃物燃烧的热释放速率测量原理,提出了低压燃烧热释放速率的计算方法。在此基础上,设计并搭建了低压燃烧舱模拟高海拔低压环境,开展了不同静态低压条件下的正庚烷池火试验,并对烟气管道流量分布系数与不同的静态环境低压进行线性关系、指数关系等拟合,发现试验工况压力下的流量分布系数与响应的环境压力呈指数函数关系,且拟合度高达97.2%。采用指数函数关系并根据能量守恒对试验测量出的低压热释放速率进行修正,误差不超过5%,表明该方法可行。     

Annual Nutritional Organ Mass Cycle of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo gargarizans</Emphasis> (Cantor, 1842) in Response to Extreme High Temperature

The annual relative mass of storage organs cycle of Bufo gargarizans in southwestern China was studied from December 2005 to November 2006. We described how those organs changed in response to extreme temperatures. Energy reservation dropped to the lowest levels after dormancy for both sexes, and then increased for period of 4.25 month. However, the mass of these organs dropped again rapidly until August (liver) and September (fat bodies) due to the constraint from extreme high temperature occurred during the summer, and then non-significantly increased before hibernation. For ovaries, varied with a different profile to those of liver and fat bodies have a resting period of four months. In addition, the toads’ ovaries kept growing when the mass of liver and fat bodies declining accordingly during hibernation. Therefore, ovarian mass increased during the hibernation and non-hibernation period.     

常州市春节期间污染物相关性分析

分析了常州市2017年春节前后各污染物浓度的关联性和差异性。结果表明,除O_3外,春节期间各污染物均值均低于春节前后,春节前后随着污染源的变化,污染物之间的相关性表现出较为明显的差异。SO_2与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO和NO_2的相关性均较春节前后有显著下降;爆竹集中燃放时间段,CO与综合指数、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)之间的相关系数0.96;而在烟花爆竹燃放相对较少的初三和初四,该相关系数0.6。工业减产停产和机动车使用减少对空气质量改善有较大贡献,而在不利气象条件下,烟花爆竹可导致空气质量在短时间内恶化。     

Emission factors and particulate matter size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustions in rural Northern China

Coal consumption is one important contributor to energy production, and is regarded as one of the most important sources of air pollutants that have considerable impacts on human health and climate change. Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal combustion were studied in a typical stove. Emission factors (EFs) of 16 EPA priority PAHs from tested coals ranged from 6.25 ± 1.16 mg kg^?1 (anthracite) to 253 ± 170 mg kg^?1 (bituminous), with NAP and PHE dominated in gaseous and particulate phases, respectively. Size distributions of particulate phase PAHs from tested coals showed that they were mostly associated with particulate matter (PM) with size either between 0.7 and 2.1 μm or less than 0.4 μm (PM_0.4). In the latter category, not only were more PAHs present in PM_0.4, but also contained higher fractions of high molecular weight PAHs. Generally, there were more than 89% of total particulate phase PAHs associated with PM_2.5. Gas-particle partitioning of freshly emitted PAHs from residential coal combustions were thought to be mainly controlled by absorption rather than adsorption, which is similar to those from other sources. Besides, the influence of fuel properties and combustion conditions was further investigated by using stepwise regression analysis, which indicated that almost 57 ± 10% of total variations in PAH EFs can be accounted for by moisture and volatile matter content of coal in residential combustion.     

对大通县工业经济发展与环境保护如何实现“双赢”的思考

工业是国民经济高速发展的主要推动力,而其所造成的环境污染也成为影响环境保护的突出问题。文章通过分析大通县环境问题现状,就大通县工业经济发展与环境保护如何实现"双赢"提出了对策建议。     

城镇化过程对鄱阳湖流域生态系统的影响

城镇化是社会经济发展和现代文明的重要标志,但带来了严重的资源危机和生态环境问题。以鄱阳湖独特的流域特征为研究对象,以城市人口数量表征城镇化的进程,分类解析1990~2011年江西省统计年鉴数据,通过讨论鄱阳湖土地资源结构变化、水资源变化特征、湿地生态系统、生物多样性等资源消耗程度,以及大气污染和水污染为代表的城镇主要污染问题,探讨快速城镇化下鄱阳湖生态环境对干扰的响应。结果表明：鄱阳湖流域各城市的城镇化进展及其机制不同,南昌、九江和上饶城市扩张迅速,而景德镇和赣州发展较平缓;城镇化导致水资源日益紧缺,各城市年总用水量2003年以后均呈增加趋势,其中农业用水量逐年增加,工业用水量各城市年变化存在差异;生物多样性特征受到严重威胁,湖泊水面及湿地面积的持续减少,生物环境的组成和结构发生改变;九江等城市工业废气排放量加大、南昌等城市工业废水排放高,造成湖区环境恶化。根据分析,建议鄱阳湖流域未来从规划土地利用类型、统一调配水资源、制定生物多样性保护对策、加强环境污染治理、强化环保宣传和规划与政策法律化等多方面采取措施。本文为鄱阳湖生态系统可持续发展和生态经济区的城镇化建设提供理论参考     

A Comparison of Mass,Lead, Sulfate,and Nitrate Concentrations in a Field Study Using Dichotomous,Size-Selective,and Standard Hi-Vol Samplers

Air monitoring In the San Francisco Bay Area was carried out to measure outdoor community air concentrations of poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mutagenlc activity (mutagenlclty) In participate organic matter (POM). Monitoring began In 1979 and Is currently conducted at six stations. PAH and mutagenlclty tests were performed on organic extracts prepared from high volume (hl-vol) filters composited every four months, by meteorological season. PAH were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection. Mutagenlclty was measured In the Ames Salmonella bloas-say using strain TA98 with and without metabolic activation. The nine-year mean concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was 0.4 ng/m³. The mutagenlcfty of this amount of BaP accounted for only about 0.2% of the observed mutagenicity In POM and other measured PAH accounted for even less. Concentrations of PAH and mutagenlclty were three to nine times higher during the winter than during other seasons. Year-to-year wintertime trends In several PAH were also seen. Early In the 1980s, winter concentrations of BaP and benzo (g,h,i)perylene Increased. However since the mld-1980’s, their concentrations have fallen. The decrease In PAH concentrations may be the result of an Increasing proportion of vehicles with relatively low organic emissions. In contrast to PAH, mutagenlcfty did not show significant year-to-year time trends.     

色谱、光谱及联用技术在多农药残留检测中的应用

介绍了国内外多农药残留检测的发展状况,综述了色谱法、光谱法、色谱-质谱联用技术、色谱-光谱联用法、多维气相色谱技术的特点及在多农药残留检测中的应用,指出多农药残留检测在今后的农药残留检测中将占据主导地位.     

液-固流化床回收印刷线路板中金属的研究

根据废弃印刷线路板中材料密度不同,采用水介质流化床对印刷线路板粉末中的金属进行回收,对0.25～0.177、0.177～0.104、0.104～0.074和-0.074 mm 4个粒级范围内的物料进行分选试验。试验结果表明,在上述4个粒级范围内,随介质流速的增大,金属回收率降低;金属回收率η与实际操作速度（ua）和颗粒终端沉降速度（ut）的比值φ（ua/ut）存在一定线性关系,分析模拟了η与φ之间的相关性方程,外推试验的结果证明了相关性方程的可靠性;在合适的操作条件下,各粒级范围内金属的回收率分别为95.02%、90.07%、87.5%和92.68%。