台风灾情评估及方法综述

台风是一种导致严重灾害的天气系统,其灾害评估是减灾防灾的决策基础;国内外台风灾情评估基本区分为统计指标综合法和统计模拟法。归纳了6种主要的统计指标综合方法,总结了统计模拟评估法的基本步骤,在此基础比较了台风灾情评估方法的不同特点。从评估的模型、指标选择以及评估结果等几个方面评述了指标评估方法中以及统计模拟法存在的问题。最后,对灾情评估发展趋势的5个方面进行展望,并指出:国内统计模拟方法的评估较少开展,应与指标评估方法相结合,积极开展统计模拟方法的灾情评估;选择不同的行业,针对行业具体特点,建立敏感行业的灾情评估模型;加强高新技术,特别是卫星遥感技术在台风灾害评估中的应用;同时要加强评估决策支持系统研究。     

Effect of heavy metal stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of two mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)

The effects of multiple heavy metal stress on the activity of antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation were studied in leaves and roots of two mangrove plants, Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, grown under control (10 per thousand NaCl nutrient solution) or five levels of multiple heavy metal stress (10 per thousand NaCl nutrient solution containing different concentration of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+). Leaves and roots of control and heavy metal-stressed plants were harvested after two months. In leaves of heavy metal-stressed plants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities fluctuated in different stress levels compared to the control, while catalase (CAT) activity increased with stress levels in K. candel, but remained unchanged in leaves of B. gymnorrhiza. In comparison with the control, the dynamic tendency of SOD, CAT, and POD activities in roots of heavy metal-stressed plants all ascended, and then declined. The increase in enzyme activities demonstrated that K. candel is more tolerant to heavy metals than B. gymnorrhiza. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced only in leaves of heavy metal-stressed B. gymnorrhiza. These results indicate that in heavy-metal stress antioxidative activities may play an important role in K. candel and B. gymnorrhiza and that cell membrane in leaves and roots of K. candel have greater stability than those of B. gymnorrhiza. For pollution monitoring purposes, POD activity in roots and leaves maybe serve as a biomarker of heavy metal stress in K. candel, while lipid peroxidation maybe serve as biomarker in B. gymnorrhiza.     

1,2,4,5-四氯苯 C 18 Empore TM 膜/水分配系数的研究

研究了1,2,4,5-四氯苯在C18膜／水相之间的分配规律。1,2,4,5-四氯苯在：25℃,80r／min条件下恒温震荡96h可达分配平衡,温度和盐度对1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18膜／水的分配过程影响很小,1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18膜／水分配平衡时间受溶液体积和容器容积的影响,但不受溶液中C18膜膜量的影响,推测脂溶性小于或接近1,2,4,5-四氯苯的有机污染物在恒温震荡条件下C18膜与水之间的分配96h可达到平衡。     

Monitoring and control methods of harmful algal blooms in Chinese freshwater system: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a worldwide problem with substantial adverse effects on the aquatic environment as well as human health, which have...     

雷州半岛富硒区土地质量地球化学评价及其利用区划研究——以城月地区为例

本文根据雷州半岛城月地区1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查成果，对城月地区表层土壤硒含量、分布特征、土壤环境质量、农产品的安全性及富硒耕地利用分区进行了研究。结果表明：城月地区土壤环境质量较好，表层土壤硒平均含量为0.546 μg/g，大宗农作物安全性高，富硒土壤面积占研究区总面积的61.52%。土壤Se与土壤酸碱度、有机质含量、Fe、Al等密切相关。根据重金属环境质量等级、硒元素含量等级、营养元素丰缺等级，将研究区内农用地分为：优质富硒农用地、一般农用地、差等农用地。并在农用地分等的基础上，结合城月地区目前的农产品种植类型，以及田块是否富硒为主要划分依据，提出了富硒农产品种植规划建议。将周宅-后泼村一带划分为富硒重点种植规划区（一类区），建议开展绿色富硒农业种植。城月镇北部、五里堂村两侧以及潭泮洋-庆丰村一带（二类区），建议种植果蔗或者当地特色薯类。司马塘-农中-调丰村一带（三类区），建议发展优质水稻种植。广丰水库西侧以及合水村南部（四类区）及牛库水库-后泼村一带（五类区）建议微调现有种植结构，在规避重金属元素高背景的同时，对富硒土地资源的合理利用。