Phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens in surface waters — Their sources,occurrence, and potential contribution to estrogenic activity

This review discusses the potential contribution of phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens to in vitro estrogenic activities occurring in surface waters and in vivo estrogenic effects in fish. Main types, sources, and pathways of entry into aquatic environment of these detected compounds were summarized. Reviewed concentrations of phyto/mycoestrogens in surface waters were mostly undetectable or in low ng/L ranges, but exceeded tens of μg/L for the flavonoids biochanin A, daidzein and genistein at some sites. While a few phytosterols were reported to occur at relatively high concentrations in surface waters, information about their potencies in in vitro systems is very limited, and contradictory in some cases. The relative estrogenic activities of compounds (compared to standard estrogen 17β-estradiol) by various in vitro assays were included, and found to differ by orders of magnitude. These potencies were used to estimate total potential estrogenic activities based on chemical analyses of phyto/mycoestrogens. In vivo effective concentrations of waterborne phyto/mycoestrogens were available only for biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, equol, sitosterol, and zearalenone. The lowest observable effect concentrations in vivo were reported for the mycoestrogen zearalenone. This compound and especially its metabolites also elicited the highest in vitro estrogenic potencies. Despite the limited information available, the review documents low contribution of phyto/mycoestrogens to estrogenic activity in vast majority of surface waters, but significant contribution to in vitro responses and potentially also to in vivo effects in areas with high concentrations.     

Distribution of C/N/P stoichiometry in suspended particulate matter and surface sediment in a bay under serious anthropogenic influence: Daya Bay,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The C/N/P stoichiometry of organic matter can provide useful information for better understanding of the effects of human activities on aquatic...     

大亚湾湿地沉积物氮矿化特征及影响因素探究

为探讨大亚湾滨海湿地沉积物中有机氮矿化作用的时空分布规律及其影响因素,于2017年3月（枯水期）和8月（丰水期）分别采集了大亚湾典型湿地3个断面的表层沉积物,利用连续淹水培养法对沉积物有机氮矿化过程进行了测定.结果发现,不同站位沉积物氮的矿化速率差异较大,其矿化速率范围为1.88~15.12mg/（kg·d）,平均速率为（6.45±3.47）mg/（kg·d）,整体呈现S3（红树林断面）> S1（光滩断面）> S2（河口断面）的分布规律.矿化速率的最高值出现在S3红树林断面,表明红树植物的生长能够促进微生物的矿化作用.蛋白酶和脲酶的活性平均值分别为（8.52±4.21）mg/（kg·d）和（25.34±11.11）μg/（g·d）,蛋白酶活性空间分布上与矿化速率的分布特征一致,表现为S3 > S1 > S2.蛋白酶和脲酶活性最高的区域均出现在S3断面的高潮带,这主要由于红树林影响地区具有较高的生产力和微生物丰度,促进了微生物代谢酶的产生.蛋白酶的活性远高于脲酶活性,表明人类活动对近岸湿地生态系统的物质输入可能主要以大分子类有机氮为主.在河口断面,矿化速率和酶活活性均较低,与该地区较高的NH₄⁺-N含量有关.整体上,湿地沉积物矿化速率与蛋白酶和脲酶之间呈现出显著的正相关性（P<0.01）,说明蛋白酶和脲酶在有机氮的矿化过程中发挥了关键作用.     

Assessing the carrying capacity of tilapia in an intertidal mangrove-based polyculture system of Pearl River Delta, China

A trophic model of an intertidal mangrove-based polyculture system in Pearl River Delta, China, was constructed using the Ecopath with Ecosim software. This polyculture system was chosen since it is the first integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system that was constructed on the basis of mangrove planting in China. The energy flows, ecosystem property, and carrying capacity of tilapia in the polyculture system were analyzed and evaluated. The results show the trophic level of 1.00 for primary producers and detritus to 2.85 for grass carp. The geometric mean of the trophic transfer efficiencies was 7.0%, with 7.2% from detritus and 6.8% from primary producers within the system. The ecosystem property indices show that this polyculture system has a high value of total primary production/total respiration (TPP/TR) and total primary production/total biomass (TPP/TB), together with low Finn's cycled index (FCI), Finn's mean path length (FML), and connectance index (CI), indicating that this system is at a development stage according to Odum's theory. The principal fish cultured in the system is tilapia, and mixed trophic impacts (MTI) show that tilapia has a marked impact on most compartments in this system, and the carrying capacity was found to be a tilapia culture biomass of 5.8 t ha⁻¹ in the system.     

大鹏湾中叶绿素-a的多年调查结果及其与环境因子的灰关联分析

依据1998-2009年145个航次的调查资料,简要描述和分析大鹏湾海水中叶绿素-a含量的空间分布和时间变化,并对其与各环境因子之间的灰关联进行分析。结果表明大鹏湾海水中的叶绿素-a含量夏、秋季较高,而冬、春季较低,且表层高于底层,平均为4．6μg-L^-1;由于受到香港和深圳陆源排放的影响,终年吐露港和沙头附近海域的叶绿素-a含量明显高于其他区域。lla（1999-2009）调查期间,香港海区叶绿素-a含量各航次均值的年际变化略呈下降趋势,表明大鹏湾海水的生态环境质量有所改善。灰关联分析结果表明各因子对叶绿素-a含量影响大小的排序为：亚硝酸盐≥硝酸盐≥5d生化需氧量≥磷酸盐≥酸碱度≥氨≥可溶性总氮≥盐度兰可溶性总磷≥溶解氧≥可溶性硅兰温度。     

日本虎斑猛水蚤的重金属急性毒性及其作为标准测试生物的潜在意义

以静态实验法研究重金属Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn单独以及两两联合对日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)的急性毒性效应,并分析其是否适宜作为我国海水重金属毒性测试的标准生物.结果显示,单独作用下,cu、Cd、Pb和Zn对受试生物的24 hLC50分别为0.26、0.14、0.40和0.65 mg·L-1,...     

硫丹对罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus×O.niloticus)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)的急性毒性研究

为控制虫害农业上大量使用硫丹,因此硫丹可通过多种途径进入水环境中.养殖环境和水产品中已发现硫丹残留,这给养殖环境和食品安全造成潜在威胁.通过半静态试验方法测定了罗非鱼和草鱼的半致死浓度,并估算了其在水环境中的安全浓度.结果表明,罗非鱼和草鱼的半致死浓度分别为1.97(1.26 -2.87) μg·L-1和2.33(1....     

杜氏盐藻对硫酸盐和镉的吸收及其相互关系

以对环境变化较为敏感的杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella tertiolecta)作为实验材料,研究了硫酸盐与镉的相互作用关系.结果表明,在两种 SO2-4水平(0.3mmnl·L-1,3mmol·L-1)条件下,相同浓度镉暴露时其总镉(TCd)含量基本相同,而 0.3mmol·L-1 SO2-4水平下,细胞内镉(ICd)的含量仅相当于3mmol·L-1 SO2-4 水平下的含量的40%左右,可能的机制是:在 SO2-4水平较高的情况下,细胞可以合成较高浓度的络合基团,从而使镉的生物可利用性和毒性大大增强;当镉暴露对杜氏盐藻的生长代谢产生抑制作用时,会诱导其对硫酸盐的吸收.因此,在进行水生生态系统的健康质量评价时,应当考虑S和Cd的相互作用.     

基于主成分分析研究大亚湾水质时空变化特征

用主成分分析法研究大亚湾生态环境的时空变化特征以及相应的影响因素.第一主成分以温度、盐度和NO3-N为特征,第二主成分以DO和SiO3-Si为特征,第三个主成分物理意义为无机氮的来源与循环过程的量度,第四个主成分主要表现为人类活动的影响;其解释原始数据的方差分别为25.53%、21.64%、15.91%和10.50%.在空间特征研究中,3号和8号站点为第一类,位于养殖区附近,其余站点为第二类,表明养殖区与非养殖区的生态环境的差异.在季节特征研究中,大亚湾为明显干湿季节特征.结果表明:主成分分析能描述大亚湾生态环境的时空变化及其环境因子.     

海洋环境中的Fe及其对浮游植物的限制

在海洋环境中,痕量元素Fe成为了继N、P、Si三大生源要素后又一限制浮游植物初级生产力的重要元素.本文介绍了海洋中Fe的各种存在形态、生物可利用性,以及Fe的多种途径的输入来源、沉降过程.着重探讨了Fe对浮游植物初级生产力的限制作用以及对生物量、生长率、生化组成等的影响.了解海洋中Fe的生物地球化学特征对阐明海洋生态系统的循环机制有着深远的意义,并可为赤潮治理提供有益的帮助.