FMEA和HAZOP在煤气柜风险分析中的综合应用

将故障类型和影响分析(FMEA)和危险和可操作性研究(HAZOP)相结合,对某电石生产企业的煤气柜设备和其涉及到的工艺的风险性进行了系统安全分析,并根据分析结果提出了针对性的控制措施。这两种分析方法各有所长,从不同角度系统全面地分析了潜在风险中的不安全因素,使其分析结果更加可靠、实用。     

锅炉煤改燃项目环境影响评价要点

本文总结了天津市燃煤锅炉改燃工程中环境影响评价的要点。对于大气污染物,燃煤锅炉的现状排放浓度可以通过公式进行理论计算;通过类比竣工环保验收的监测数据,燃气锅炉的颗粒物、SO_2、NO_x预测排放浓度可分别取值为7.2 mg/Nm~3、16 mg/Nm~3、77 mg/Nm~3;燃气锅炉的烟囱一般不利用原有的燃煤锅炉烟囱,如果周围存在高层建筑,燃气锅炉的烟囱高度可考虑采用26m至30m。     

流化床O2/CO2气氛下添加SiO2对燃煤PM2.5的控制

采用小型流化床研究了在O2/CO2气氛下添加SiO2对PM2.5(空气动力学直径小于2.5 μm的颗粒物)的控制,试验在1123 K、O2/CO2气氛下进行,并采用荷电低压撞击器(ELPI)采集和分析燃烧后的PM2.5.结果表明,添加SiO2是燃烧过程中影响PM2.5生成的重要因素.添加SiO2后,生成PM1的质量浓度均降低,而PM1-2.5的质量浓度均略有增加;PM2.5质量粒径分布均呈双峰分布,峰值分别出现在0.2 μm和2.0μm左右.随着SiO2添加量的增加,PM2.5中的S、K、Na、Cu和Pb元素的含量呈减少的趋势;随着颗粒粒径减小,S、K、Na、Cu和Pb元素的含量有增高的趋势.     

新疆原煤中汞含量分布及燃煤大气汞排放量估算

通过对新疆不同地区45个煤矿进行采样,分析新疆煤炭汞含量的空间分布特征,同时对燃煤大气汞释放量进行估算,确定新疆煤炭消费对大气汞排放的贡献。结果表明新疆原煤中汞含量处于较低水平,平均含量为5.43×10-2 mg/kg,远小于我国其他地区,新疆原煤汞含量空间分布具有明显的地域差异性,最高点位于奇台地区,原煤汞含量为17.05×10-2mg/kg,最低点位于塔城地区,原煤汞含量为2.03×10-2 mg/kg,总体呈北疆地区高南疆地区低的特点。初步估算显示,2008年新疆各行业燃煤大气汞排放总量为2039.02kg,其中民用燃煤汞排放量约占5.13%,远小于14%～15%的全国平均值,在全国处于较低水平。     

煤液化催化剂生产废水处理工艺设计和运行

采用斜板沉降-流砂过滤-蒸发器-结晶器工艺来处理煤液化催化剂生产废水。本文对该项目的催化剂生产废水处理工艺路线进行了详细介绍,并对实际生产期间的运行数据做了总结分析。通过运行数据表明:该工艺线路技术可靠,产品水的各项指标均能稳定达到再生水用作工业用水水源的水质标准,满足了生产回用的目的,且能够实现长期连续稳定运行。     

Emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass

This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.     

Pd/activated carbon sorbents for mid-temperature capture of mercury from coal-derived fuel gas

Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon（AC） for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere（simulated coal gas） was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres.     

徐仁修

<正>徐仁修,1946年生于台湾新竹,在芎林乡下度过与大自然亲密相处的童年生活。如果从网络上搜索徐仁修,你会发现他的经历是一部传奇。作为探险家,他曾探访过菲律宾的热带雨林、尼加拉瓜的大河蛮荒、金三角的罂粟边城,在世界各地的丛林、荒地,见过树干般粗的巨蟒、凶猛可怕的美洲虎、多如骤雨的蚂蟥、参入云天的古木以及令人畏惧的食人部落,也经历了痢疾感染、游击队突袭、海盗窝里对峙等惊险遭遇……他的每一段经历都有一个奇妙有趣的探险故事。作为摄影师,他走遍世界,拍下了几十万张照片,家里有专门存     

SCR催化剂对汞的催化氧化研究进展

文章综述了目前国内外选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂催化氧化燃煤烟气中汞的研究现状。介绍了钒基、铜基、铁基、锰基、铈基以及贵金属SCR催化剂对汞的催化氧化性能;分别分析了烟气温度、烟气组分(Cl2、HCl、SO2、NH3等)、空速等因素对各催化剂汞氧化性能的影响;最后运用文献对比方法综合概括了燃煤烟气条件对汞氧化的影响,并结合我国燃煤电厂现状,对SCR催化脱汞技术的发展方向提出建议:利用SCR催化剂实现燃煤烟气中汞的氧化,结合现有污染物控制设备实现汞的脱除,是一种经济、高效的燃煤烟气脱汞技术;当前应深入研究SCR催化剂对汞的催化氧化机理,开发能够实现NOx与汞协同控制的,稳定、高效、普适性强的低温SCR催化剂。     

大面积推广天然气发电的难点何在

从英美等国能源转型的实践看,用天然气替代煤炭是战胜雾霾的一大途径.但对“富煤贫油少气”的中国来说,被各地寄予厚望并强力推进的“煤改气”真是一剂治霾良方吗？在治霾压力倒逼之下,中国天然气产业会迎来什么样的机遇和挑战？