提高酚氰放心水生化处理工艺的效率

主要介绍了投加葡萄糖类物质显著提高煤气厂酚，氰废水生化处理装置效率的情况，并对其机理进行了分析探讨。     

不同有机碳源对小球藻的生长与产油量的影响

该研究探讨了葡萄糖和乙酸钠两种碳源对小球藻（Chlorella protothecoides）的生长与产油量的影响,并对小球藻在两种碳源混合培养下的生长与产油情况进行了分析.研究结果表明,葡萄糖和乙酸钠的浓度对小球藻的生物量和产油量都有较大的影响,最优的浓度分别为15 g/L和20.5 g/L.相对于以葡萄糖为碳源的小球藻,以乙酸钠为碳源的小球藻的生物量与含油量均较低.在混合培养条件下,葡萄糖最先被小球藻吸收利用.图5,表1,参8.     

葡萄糖对硫自养反硝化性能及微生物群落的影响

文章在圆柱状填充床生物反应器中成功启动硫自养反硝化过程,系统运行稳定后,第60天,在反应器进水中加入适量的葡萄糖(C/N=5∶1)将自养条件改变为混养条件,NO_3~--N去除率由75%提升到95%以上,并消除NO_2~--N积累现象。通过分析高通量测序结果发现:葡萄糖的加入对系统的微生物群落有很大的影响,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)丰度减少,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和Latescibacteria几近消失,而拟杆菌门(Firmicutes)和硬壁菌门(Bacteroidetes)的丰度却有较大的提升。从属水平的分析结果对比发现:硫酸杆菌属(Thiobacillus)和硫磺菌属(Sulfurimonas)在硫自养反硝化系统中占比高达33.7%和16.9%,加入葡萄糖后丰富度分别降到11.7%和9.6%,而unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae,Gemmobacter,明串珠菌属(Trichococcus)以及假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)等异养或者混养反硝化菌属丰度明显增加。     

运动发酵单胞菌共表达α-淀粉酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶发酵甘薯生产乙醇

运动发酵单胞菌是乙醇发酵的极佳菌种,但其所能利用的发酵底物范围狭窄,不能利用淀粉作为发酵底物.为增加其利用底物的范围使其能够水解淀粉,本研究构建了3种表达淀粉酶的运动发酵单胞菌菌株:1)Zymomonas mobilis(pAmyE)表达α-淀粉酶;2)Z.mobilis(pGA)表达葡萄糖淀粉酶;3)Z.mobilis(pAmyGA)共同表达α-淀粉酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶.DNS法测定淀粉酶活显示,每种转化菌株的胞外淀粉酶活性均高于胞内,且两种淀粉酶共表达的酶活高于这两种淀粉酶单独表达的酶活之和,说明这两种淀粉酶能够协同作用降解淀粉.对于重组菌株Z.mobilis(pAmyGA),约59.3%的淀粉酶活性都在胞外检测到.用淀粉含量高且耐贮存的徐薯18匀浆加少量葡萄糖作为培养基直接用上述3个菌株发酵生产乙醇.结果显示,共表达α-淀粉酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶的重组菌株Z.mobilis(pAmyGA)的乙醇产量为54.7 g/L,达到了理论值的83.2%,表明本研究得到了能够直接高效利用淀粉生产乙醇的运动发酵单胞菌的菌株.     

Enzymatic treatment of estrogens and estrogen glucuronide

Natural and synthetic estrogens from sewage treatment systems are suspected to influence the reproductive health of the animals in the rivers.In this article we investigated the enzymatic treatment of three estrogens (estrone,17β-estradiol,and 17α-ethynyletstradiol) by a fungal laccase which oxidize phenolic compounds with dissolved oxygen.The elimination of the estrogenic activities by enzymatic oxidation was demonstrated by medaka vitellogenin assay.In addition,we developed an enzymatic treatment system comprised of β-D-glucuronidase and the laccase for 17β-estradiol 3-(β-D-glucuronide) degradation.The two enzymes eliminated 17β-estradiol 3-(β-D-glucuronide) and the intermediate,17β-estradiol,efficiently.     

Role of nutrients in the utilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by halotolerant bacterial strain

A halotolerant bacterial strain VA1 isolated from marine environment was studied for its ability to utilize polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under saline condition. Anthracene and pyrene were used as representatives for the utilization of PAH by the bacterial strain. Glucose and sodium citrate were used as additional carbon sources to enhance the PAH utilization. The strain VA1 was able to utilize anthracene (73%) and pyrene (66%) without any additional substrate. In the presence of additional carbon sources (glucose/sodium citrate) the utilization of PAH was faster. PAH was utilized faster by VA1 in the presence of glucose than sodium citrate. The stain utilized 87% and 83% of anthracene and pyrene with glucose as carbon source and with sodium citrate the strain utilized 81% and 76% respectively in 4 days. Urea as an alternative source of nitrogen also enhanced the utilization of PAHs (anthracene and pyrene) by the bacterial strain up to 88% and 84% in 4 days. Sodium nitrate as nitrogen source was not able to enhance the PAH utilization rate. Phenotypic and phlyogenetic analysis proved that the PAHs utilizing halotolerant strain VA1 belongs to Ochrobactrum sp.     

外源物质添加对东北黑土氨基酸矿化的影响

采用间歇淋洗好气培养法研究了东北黑土中氨基酸的矿化过程以及添加葡萄糖和葡萄糖与氮肥配施对其质量分数的影响。结果表明：土壤中氨基酸质量分数的变化受到外源物质添加的影响。与对照处理相比,葡萄糖以及葡萄糖与氮肥配施均能促进土壤氨基酸质量分数的积累,并且2种外源物质对氨基酸质量分数的影响相差不多。土壤不同种类的氨基酸具有不同的矿化特征,其中异亮氨酸的矿化速率最快,其次是赖氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸和亮氨酸,而精氨酸、甘氨酸和酪氨酸矿化速率较低。此外,土壤中每种氨基酸矿化对总氨基酸矿化的贡献与其在土壤中的质量分数有关,一般来说,氨基酸质量分数高则其矿化的贡献也大。