Validation of the UN test method N.5

Many substances react with water in such a way that flammable gases are formed. For transport issues this reaction may possess a considerable hazard especially if the cargo is wetted by rain or by water from other sources. In the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods these kinds of problems are addressed. The UN test N.5 “Test method for substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases” corresponds to this hazard. Classification according to the test method is done by measurement of the gas evolution rate of the flammable gas by any suitable procedure. At BAM a gravimetric approach is used to measure the gas evolution rate. In this paper we present the evaluation of the apparatus by means of an absolute calibration routine utilizing a reaction where a known amount of gas is produced as well as the evaluation of important parameters influencing the gas evolution rate using different substances. It can be shown that the apparatus is capable of measuring absolute gas volumes as low as 6 mL with an acceptable error of about 17% as determined from the reaction of Mg with demineralized water.     

轧钢污泥综合利用的技术研究

阐述了一种轧钢污泥的回收处理技术,该技术可把轧钢污泥有效地分离成氧化铁粉和混合油,实现综合利用,减少铁素资源浪费,有良好的经济效益和环境效益.     

Flash flood mitigation: recommendations for research and applications

Abstract

New technologies promise reduced flash flood losses. However, real-time observations with vast multi-sensor networks, more precise mapping capabilities using remote sensing and GIS, quicker hydrological and meteorological models, and increasing forecast lead times have not reduced losses. In November, 1999, 35 researchers from nine countries met in Ravello, Italy at a NATO sponsored Advanced Study Institute, to discuss these issues and to develop a research agenda that incorporates the various components required to cope with flash floods. The key recommendations from the Institute were: (1) greater emphasis on increasing understanding of the social processes involved in flash flood warning, particularly in the response phases, and (2) the need to reduce vulnerability in sustainable ways compatible with long-term economic and social goals. The relationship between hydrometeorology and social science is seen as critical to advancing our abilities to cope with flash floods.     

大豆蛋白粉喷雾干燥塔尾气余热的回收与利用

针对大豆蛋白粉生产过程中喷雾干燥塔尾气温度较高,有回收利用价值的现实,也针对目前的节能需求,对现有的喷雾干燥塔的尾气排放部分进行改造,设计一个片状空气预热器,以利用高温的尾气与系统的进气做热交换,实现热量再利用,降耗和提高蛋白粉产率的目的,并对投资收益进行了分析。     

从粉煤灰中提取多种微细氧化物的研究

将粉煤灰与Na2CO3按一定的比例混合后焙烧,采用酸碱联合法提取粉煤灰中氧化硅、氧化铝和氧化铁,分析了工艺条件对粉煤灰中氧化物提取率的影响。实验结果表明,从粉煤灰中提取氧化物的最佳条件是:碳酸钠与粉煤灰的比例0.6∶1.0,焙烧温度850℃、盐酸浓度4 mol/L,氢氧化钠浓度2.6 mol/L,浸取时间约6 h。在此条件下得出微细氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化铁的晶体,其平均粒度分别为氧化硅1.107μm,氧化铝1.334μm,氧化铁0.783μm。     

漂白粉用于治理石化企业硫化氢恶臭气体的研究

实验采用填料吸收塔对漂白粉用于石化企业硫化氢恶臭的治理进行了初步研究,系统研究了漂白粉投加量、硫化氢浓度、进气流量、吸收氧化温度、液气比等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明：室温下,漂白粉投加量为0．2g／100mL,液气比20L／m^3,进气浓度控制在7800mg／m^3以内,调整适宜的进气量,对硫化氢恶臭的去除率可以达到99％以上。漂白粉吸收氧化硫化氢恶臭气体不仅技术可行,而且费用低廉,操作方便,可以进行深入的研究,进行工业化放大。     

摩托车防盗器遥控引燃黑火药的实验研究

根据2013型铁将军牌摩托车防盗器工作原理,分析了连接左转向灯、起动继电器及电门锁的5条导线遥控引燃黑火药的方式.利用GOS-620型示波器,测得防盗器在设防、寻车、起动、振动1次、连续振动、解锁时这5根导线两两之间的电压.从60种组合中筛选出10种可能引燃黑火药的方式.通过引燃实验,验证了这10种引燃方式.以左转向灯...     

不同聚合度的聚磷酸铵灭火性能研究*

为考察聚磷酸铵（APP）干粉灭火剂的聚合度对其灭火性能的影响,选用3种不同聚合度的APP,结合其晶体结构、粒度分布及热性能测试,并通过粉体杯式燃烧器进行小尺寸灭火实验,对比3种样品的灭火性能及灭火机理,研究聚合度与其灭火性能的关系。热性能测试结果显示,聚合度的升高会导致APP的热稳定性下降,随着聚合度从80升至1 500,其初始分解温度从326.11 ℃降低至321.54 ℃,失重率从75.21%增加至79.66%。实验结果表明:随着APP聚合度的增加,火焰降温速率升高,最小灭火浓度（MEC）降低,灭火性能增强,当聚合度为1 500时,MEC为118.143 g/m3。聚合度的升高有助于APP在进入火场后更早、更充分地与火焰发生反应,从而使灭火性能得到提升。     

活性粉末混凝土的耐酸性

为了考察活性粉末混凝土在严酷环境下的耐酸性能,试验研究了硫酸溶液和醋酸溶液对活性粉末混凝土强度的影响,并比较研究了硫酸溶液对普通水泥基材料和高强水泥基材料的影响。70d浸泡龄期的试验结果表明:在浸泡早期,3种水泥基材料的耐硫酸性能差别不明显,随着暴露时间的延长,活性粉末混凝土比普通水泥基材料和高强水泥基材料呈现出较好的耐硫酸性能;弱离解的醋酸溶液对活性粉末混凝土的侵蚀作用比强离解的硫酸溶液更强。前者与3种水泥基材料的孔隙率、孔隙结构、抗渗性及抗裂性等因素有关,后者则与醋酸溶液的强扩散性有关。     

A study of the atmospheric reaction of CH3S with O3 as a function of temperature

The atmospheric reaction of the methylthiyl radical (CH₃S) with O₃ was investigated as a function of temperature (259–381 K), in the pressure range of 25–300 Torr, using the technique of laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence. The resulting Arrhenius expression, with an uncertainty of ±2σ, was k₁(T=259–381 K)=(1.02±0.30)×10⁻¹² exp[(432±77) K/T] cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹. The obtained rate constant k₁ was independent of pressure over the limited range employed. Our results are compared with the previous studies carried out, at single temperature and as a function of temperature, by different techniques.