环境化学中有机化合物毒性的QSAR研究方法

定量结构—活性相关 (QSAR)研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。在前人大量相关研究的基础上分析了目前国内外普遍实用的七种QSAR研究方法 ,并讨论了各方法的优缺点及适用范围 ,以利于各方法的进一步推广。同时简要介绍了QSAR的发展趋势。     

ISO14000系列标准在现代企业环境管理中的应用

从现代企业环境管理角度，分析了ISO14000系列国际标准的应用，根据实践经验，探讨了在实施应用中应将先进的管理理念融入到企业环境管理中去，从而改善企业环境管理水平，提高企业的经济效益和环境效益。     

e-Serem – A Web-Based Manual For The Estimation of Emission Reductions From JI and CDM Projects

This paper presentse-SEREM (Smart Emission ReductionEstimation Manual), a cost-free, easilyaccessed and updated, web-based manual forestimating emission reductions from Joint Implementation (JI) andClean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects. e-SEREM's main functions arethe selection of a benchmark for a specificproject type in the power or heat sectorand the calculation of the annual andcumulative emission reductions accrued bythis project for its crediting lifetime.e-SEREM was developed in order to test itsapplicability and practicality in assistingproject developers and evaluators toelaborate baselines easily and calculatethe emission credits earned by candidate JIor CDM projects hosted in several countries.     

Significant developments in sustainable development law and governance: A proposal

This article develops a practical proposal for progress on sustainable development law. It examines the prospects for an international sustainable development law to provide a framework for more effective, coherent governance. Sustainable development law is briefly defined and an analytical framework is provided. Different degrees of integration between economic, social and environmental law are described. Certain principles of international law related to sustainable development are also highlighted. It is argued that these principles may serve to guide law‐makers and jurists where social, economic and environmental law and policy conflict or overlap. Continuing, underlying questions of sustainable development governance are addressed and its global frameworks analysed. The article also focuses on the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg in August‐September 2002, and its specific mandate for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) to take related legal developments into account. The article advances a proposal: that governments, economic, social and environmental intergovernmental organizations and other actors establish a ‘network of inquiry’ with members from relevant groups, including legal and academic organizations, and other expert groups, in order to follow, research, analyse and debate legal developments in a balanced way.     

Understanding conservationists’ perspectives on the new‐conservation debate

A vibrant debate about the future direction of biodiversity conservation centers on the merits of the so‐called new conservation. Proponents of the new conservation advocate a series of positions on key conservation ideas, such as the importance of human‐dominated landscapes and conservation's engagement with capitalism. These have been fiercely contested in a debate dominated by a few high‐profile individuals, and so far there has been no empirical exploration of existing perspectives on these issues among a wider community of conservationists. We used Q methodology to examine empirically perspectives on the new conservation held by attendees at the 2015 International Congress for Conservation Biology (ICCB). Although we identified a consensus on several key issues, 3 distinct positions emerged: in favor of conservation to benefit people but opposed to links with capitalism and corporations, in favor of biocentric approaches but with less emphasis on wilderness protection than prominent opponents of new conservation, and in favor of the published new conservation perspective but with less emphasis on increasing human well‐being as a goal of conservation. Our results revealed differences between the debate on the new conservation in the literature and views held within a wider, but still limited, conservation community and demonstrated the existence of at least one viewpoint (in favor of conservation to benefit people but opposed to links with capitalism and corporations) that is almost absent from the published debate. We hope the fuller understanding we present of the variety of views that exist but have not yet been heard, will improve the quality and tone of debates on the subject.     

Pseudomonas sp. ZXY-1, a newly isolated and highly efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium, and optimization of biodegradation using response surface methodology

Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, is increasing the agricultural production effectively, while also causing great environmental concern. Efficient atrazine-degrading bacterium is necessary to removal atrazine rapidly to keep a safe environment. In the present study, a new atrazine-degrading strain ZXY-1, identified as Pseudomonas, was isolated. This new isolated strain has a strong ability to biodegrade atrazine with a high efficiency of 9.09 mg/L/hr.Temperature, p H, inoculum size and initial atrazine concentration were examined to further optimize the degradation of atrazine, and the synthetic effect of these factors were investigated by the response surface methodology. With a high quadratic polynomial mathematical model(R~2= 0.9821) being obtained, the highest biodegradation efficiency of 19.03 mg/L/hr was reached compared to previous reports under the optimal conditions(30.71°C, pH 7.14, 4.23%(V/V) inoculum size and 157.1 mg/L initial atrazine concentration).Overall, this study provided an efficient bacterium and approach that could be potentially useful for the bioremediation of wastewater containing atrazine.     

新型重金属絮凝剂巯基乙酰化羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺的优化制备

为提高含铜废水的处理效果及简化处理流程,以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、甲醛、氢氧化钠、巯基乙酸(TGA)为原料,先经羟甲基化反应制备中间产物羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺(MPAM),再通过酰胺化反应将巯基接枝到MPAM分子链上,制备出新型重金属絮凝剂巯基乙酰化羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺(MAMPAM).以水样中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率为考察目标,采用Plackett-Burman实验、最陡爬坡实验和响应面法中CCD实验优化MAMPAM的制备条件.结果表明,MAMPAM最优制备条件为:MPAM浓度0.31%、MPAM与TGA物质的量比为1∶3.2、反应介质p H值为4.76、反应温度为25℃、反应时间为2 h,在此条件下制备的MAMPAM对Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率为95.30%,与模型的理论预测值94.47%接近,相对偏差仅为0.83%,模型合理可靠.红外分析表明MPAM分子链上成功接上了巯基.MAMPAM对不同初始浓度的含Cu(Ⅱ)水样具有很好的去除效果,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率均能达到90%以上.MAMPAM有望成为一种有效的含铜废水处理剂,具有一定的应用前景.     

后处理设施给水系统可靠性的GO法研究

后处理设施给水系统是后处理设施重要的公用系统,对后处理设施的稳定、安全运行至关重要.给水系统的可靠性需要深入分析,应用GO法进行了研究.获得了给水系统的平均故障概率、最小割集、重要度等可靠性指标.结果表明,给水系统的可靠性比较高,符合单一故障准则,二阶最小割集对系统故障的贡献最大,应该采取措施予以消除.进一步深入对比分析GO法与故障树法,结果显示,对于给水系统的可靠性分析,GO法有建模容易且图形简洁的优点.     

响应面法优化赤泥负载Co催化剂制备及活性评价

以催化臭氧氧化去除水中苯扎贝特(bezafibrate,BZF)的处理效果为评价指标,采用Plackett-Burman和响应面(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)法对Co/RM催化剂的制备条件进行优化.结果表明,浸渍质量分数和焙烧温度为催化剂制备的主要影响因素,当浸渍质量分数为4.14%、煅烧温度为389℃时BZF去除率预测值最高(71.29%).采用上述最佳制备条件制备的Co/RM催化臭氧氧化去除苯扎贝特的去除率为70.74%,与模型预测值十分接近,偏差为1%(<5%),说明响应面法实验设计和数学模型具有较好可靠性.通过比较RM和Co/RM两种催化剂对BZF的催化臭氧氧化去除效果,发现Co/RM催化臭氧氧化去除BZF的效果较为显著.采用BET、XRD和UV-Vis等表征手段对两种催化剂的表面结构和组成进行分析,结果表明两种催化剂的比表面积、总孔体积存在相同的变化规律(RM相似文献   

菌株Pseudomonas sp. JF122降解苯酚同时还原Cr(VI)的条件优化及生长特性研究

采用富集培养法,从钢铁厂附近河流污泥中分离筛选到1株能同时降解苯酚与还原Cr(VI)的菌株JF122.在600 mg·L^-1苯酚与1.2 mg·L^-1 Cr(VI) 的条件下,采用单因素实验考察了温度、初始pH、该菌接种量等因素对其同时降解苯酚与还原Cr(VI)的影响,并通过正交试验L₉(3³)获得适宜的苯酚降解与Cr(VI)还原条件.结果表明,菌株JF122降解苯酚与还原Cr(VI)的适宜条件为:30 ℃、初始pH=6和接种量1%,此条件下,菌株JF122在56 h内能够降解600 mg·L^-1苯酚同时还原1.2 mg·L^-1 Cr(VI).应用响应曲面法建立了菌株JF122的生长与温度、初始pH、接种量等因素间关系的数学模型,并对其生长条件进行了优化.结果表明,菌株JF122最优生长条件与其降解苯酚并同时还原Cr(VI)的最优条件具有一致性.